B1.3 Respiration

Question 1

Carbohydrates are organic molecules that all contain…

Answer 1

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 2

Carbohydrates are normally stored as…

Answer 2

Polysaccharides e.g. starch, glycogen and cellulose.

Question 3

Proteins are organic molecules that all contain…

Answer 3

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen.

Question 4

Proteins are made from…

Answer 4

About 20 amino acid monomers.

Question 5

Amino acids are linked together by…

Answer 5

Peptide bonds to form polypeptides which form proteins

Question 6

Protease is…

Answer 6

The enzyme that breakdown proteins into amino acids.

Question 7

Lipids are energy dense organic molecules that all contain…

Answer 7

carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

Question 8

Lipids are made from…

Answer 8

One glycerol molecule and three fatty acids molecules.

Question 9

The enzyme… breaksdown lipids into fatty acids and gylcerol.

Answer 9

Lipase

Question 10

What is cellular respiration and what does it do?

Answer 10

• A continually occurring and universal process
• Provides this energy in all living things.
• Exothermic reaction

Question 11

Cells need the energy released by cellular respiration to carry out all living processes including:

Answer 11

1. Movement – energy is needed for muscle cells to contract.
2. Biosynthesis – chemical reactions building up molecules
3. Thermoregulation – keeping organisms warm

Question 12

State the main substrate of cellular respiration in animals?

Answer 12

Glucose

Question 13

Where does aerobic respiration occurs in eukaryotic cells, including animal and plant cells?

Answer 13

Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria.

Question 14

Where does anaerobic respiration occurs in eukaryotic cells, including animal and plant cells?

Answer 14

Anaerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm.

Question 15

What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 15

C₆H₁₂06 + 0₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + ATP

Question 16

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 16

Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 17

Why is respiration an oxidation reaction?

Answer 17

Oxygen is used to react with glucose to release energy in the form of ATP.

Question 18

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 18

Adenosine Triphoshate

Question 19

What is glycolysis and where does it take place?

Answer 19

• The first stage in cellular respiration
• Anaerobic stage
• Net gain of 2 ATP
• Takes place in the cytoplasm

Question 20

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 20

Respiration in the abscence of oxygen.

Question 21

How does the energy released from anaerobic respiration compare to aerobic respiration?

Answer 21

• Anaerobic respiration = 2 ATP
• Aerobic respiration = 38 ATP

Question 22

What is the word equation for anaerobic respitation in animals?

Answer 22

glucose → lactic acid + ATP

Question 23

What is the word equation for anaerobic respitation in plants and microorganisms?

Answer 23

glucose → carbon dioxide + ethanol + ATP

Question 24

What is an ‘oxygen debt’?

Answer 24

• As lactic acid is poisonous to the body it must be broken down using oxygen after anaerobic respiration.
• Heavy breathing after exercise provides extra oxygen to breakdown the lactic acid and the extra oxygen required is known as the oxygen debt.

Question 25

When does anaerobic respiration take place in animals?

Answer 25

Normally during strenuous exercise when the demand for oxygen by muscles is greater than the oxygen that can be supplied from aerobic respiration.

Question 26

Anaerobic respiration in yeast is called...

Answer 26

Fermentation

Question 27

Name two commercial uses of fermentation.

Answer 27

1. Bread making 2. Brewing