B1.3 Flashcards
What is Metabolic rate?
The speed at which chemical reactions transfer energy from its chemical stores in food.
Higher the metabolic rate…
The more food you need to eat
What do carbs do?
Provide energy to move and stay alive
What do proteins do?
Allow Growth and repair of body tissue
What do lipids do?
They are a good store of energy
What are carbohydrates?
Biological polymers
What enzyme breaks down carbs?
Carbohydrase
What are carbohydrates made from
-Carbon,hydrogen and oxygen
- they are lots of sugar molecules
What is a protein?
A polymer
How many amino acids is needed to make a protein?
20
What are proteins made from
An amino acid chain ordered specifically
What enzyme breaks down protein?
Protease
What are lipids?
Lipids are the fats and oils we eat
What are lipids synthesised from?
3 fatty acids and a glycerol molecule
What enzyme breaks down lipids?
Lipase
What enzyme breaks down starch?
Amylase
What is cellular respiration?
- an EXOTHERMIC reaction
- a continually occurring and universal process
What is aerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration is a process that occurs in the presence of oxygen and involves the breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water, with the release of energy that is used to produce ATP.
Formula for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water (+ATP)
Where do you get the oxygen needed?
From the air you breathe
What is ATP?
- ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the energy-carrying molecule used in cells because it can release energy very quickly.
- energy store
What happens In aerobic respiration? (With atp)
The reaction transfers energy from its energy store in glucose to another energy store which is ATP
How is ATP used?
- for movement - animals use it to contract muscle cells enabling the organism to move
- to stay warm - when an animal’s surroundings are colder than they are, they increase their rate of respiration. This transfers more energy by heating
- To synthesise larger molecules from smaller ones to make new cell material.
Where does aerobic respiration occur?
In the mitochondria
What kind of reaction is aerobic respiration?
An enzyme-controlled reaction
Is aerobic respiration endothermic or exothermic?
Exothermic
Why is aerobic respiration Exothermic?
Because it transfers energy to the surroundings by heating
How do you respire without oxygen?
Your body starts to transfer energy from its chemical store in glucose by anaerobic respiration. This series of chemical reactions does not need oxygen. It allows the body to transfer extra energy for short periods of time.
When does anaerobic respiration normally take place?
During strenuous exercise
- IT IS LIMITED
Formula for anaerobic respiration
Glucose -> lactic acid
How does the energy released from anaerobic respiration compare to aerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly.
Is lactic acid good for you?
No it is poisonous and causes cramp and fatigue when it builds up
What is oxygen debt?
After exercise you breathe heavily - it is the extra oxygen you inhale needed to break the lactic acid down
What kind of respiration produces more atp?
Aerobic reposration
What is the word equation for anaerobic respitation in plants and microorganisms?
Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
What is anaerobic respiration in plants and micro organisms called?
Fermentation
Products of fermentation?
- ethanol
- carbon dioxide
What does this reaction do?
Transfers energy from its store in glucose
