B1.3 Flashcards
what are carbohydrates needed for?
energy
what are proteins needed fro?
growth and repair
what are lipids needed for?
insulation and energy
metabollic rate
the speed at which chemical reactions take place in the body
synthesis
build something up
hydrolisis
break something apart
what does limewater test for?
the presence of CO2
where does aerobic respiration occur?
in the mitochondria
what kind of reaction is respiring?
chemical and exothermic reaction
anaerobic respiration
the process of transferring energy from glucose in the absence of oxygen
what influences your metabolic rate?
-age
-gender
-exercise
-inherited factors
lipids
fats and oils, large molecules made from small units of fatty acids and glycerol
carbohydrates
made from simple sugars
name some monosaccharides
glucose and fructose
name a disaccharide
sucrose
name some polysaccharides
starch and glycogen
proteins
made from amino acids
what is energy used for in the body?
-synthesis of polymers
-movement
-to stay warm
aerobic respiration symbol equation
C6H1206 + 602 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
what is the energy from respiration used for?
-active transport of substances in and out of cells
-DNA replication
-muscle contractions
what types of anaerobic respiration are there?
-respiration in humans
-fermentation in yeast cells
how does anaerobic respiration work?
-during strenuous exercise your heart rate cannot increase fast enough to meet the oxygen demand for the cells
-the body transfers energy from glucose by anaerobic respiration without oxygen
symbol equation for anaerobic respiration
C6H12O6 –> C3H6O3 + ATP
lactic acid
-toxic to cells
-oxygen reacts with lactic acid and breaks it down
-heavy breathing allows you to inhale extra oxygen
-the oxygen needed for this is called the oxygen debt
what does anaerobic respiration in plants produce?
ethanol + carbon dioxide
chemical test for starch
iodine solution
what colour does iodine turn if starch is present?
brown / black
chemical test for protein
biurets solution
what colour does biurets solution turn if proteins are present?
violet
chemical test for reducing sugars
benedicts solution–> must heat in water bath for two minutes
what colour does benedicts solution turn if reducing sugars are present?
brown / orange
chemical test for lipids
-ethanol
-pour the mixture into another test tube containing water and shake vigorously
what colour does ethanol turn if lipids are present?
cloudy
