B1.2 What happens in cells Flashcards
Each long molecule (polymer) of DNA is a ….
A chromosome
How many chromosomes do most humans have?
46 (23 pairs)
How many chromosomes are maternal and how many paternal?
23 each.
What is a short section of DNA called?
A gene
What do genes ‘code for’?
The DNA codes for specific proteins to be made, which determine the cell’s function.
Place in size order : gene, chromosome, genome, DNA, nucleus, cell, nucleotide.
Nucleotide
Gene
DNA
Chromosome
Genome
Nucleus
Cell
What is DNA?
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic aid) is the genetic material found within the nucleus of all of your cells.
The units that make up the polymer DNA are called …
Nucleotides
What is each nucleotide composed of?
Phosphate, sugar (deoxyribose) , a nitrogenous/organic base
What are the 4 bases in DNA?
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine
Name the protein that DNA coils around in the formation of a chromosome.
Histone
What is complementary base pairing?
Adenine and Thymine always pair ;
Cytosine and Guanine always pair.
What is the name of the structure formed by DNA, as discovered by Watson and Crick in the 1950s.
Double Helix
Who produced the first ever photograph of DNA, ‘photo 51’, that led to the discover of DNA’s structure.
Rosalind Franklin
Why is the double helix described as being ‘anti-parallel’?
The two strands which form DNA are parallel but run in opposite directions.
