B12 - Reproduction

Question 1

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 1

• Involves one parent.
• Cells divide by mitosis so there is no mixing of genes and therefore mo variation.
• Offspring are identical to the parent.
• Common in small animals, plants fungi and bacteria.

Question 2

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 2

• Involves Male and Female sex cells from 2 parents.
• Gametes are formed in a special type of cell division called meiosis.
• Variation created as cells are mixed. Aids long term survival of species.

Question 3

Mitosis

Answer 3

• Parent cell.
• Each chromosome makes a copy of itself.
• Each copy of a chromosome migrates to opposite ends of the cell. The cytoplasm also replicates.
• Cell divides into 2 daughter cells. Each cell has the same chromosomes as the original cell - usually an exact copy.

Question 4

Meiosis

Answer 4

• The chromosomes are copied.

- The cells divides twice, forming four gametes.

Question 5

Human Gametes

Answer 5

Contain 23 single chromosomes.

Question 6

What is meiosis used for?

Answer 6

Producing human gametes.

Question 7

What is mitosis used for?

Answer 7

Producing normal body cells.

Question 8

What is the type of reproduction meiosis uses?

Answer 8

Asexual reproduction.

Question 9

What type of reproduction does mitosis use?

Answer 9

Sexual reproduction.

Question 10

How many chromosomes are there after meiosis cell division?

Answer 10

23

Question 11

How many chromosomes are there after mitosis cell division?

Answer 11

46.

Question 12

How many daughter cells are produced after meiosis cell division?

Answer 12

4 daughter cells.

Question 13

How many daughter cells are produced after mitosis cell division?

Answer 13

2 daughter cells.

Question 14

How many cell divisions occur in meiosis?

Answer 14

2 cell divisions.

Question 15

How many cell divisions occur in mitosis?

Answer 15

1 cell division.

Question 16

Does meiosis cause variation?

Answer 16

Yes.

Question 17

Does mitosis cause variation?

Answer 17

No.

Question 18

DNA

Answer 18

A polymer made up of two strands forming a double helix.

Question 19

DNA Base Pairs

Answer 19

Adenine - Thymine

Guanine - Cytosine

Question 20

Chromosomes

Answer 20

Long, coiled molecules that are divided into sections called genes.

Question 21

How are chromosomes set up and how many are there in a human being?

Answer 21

Chromosomes are usually set up in matched pairs, also, there are 23 pairs (46 singular chromosomes) in a human.

Question 22

What are the male and female genes called?

Answer 22

Male - Paternal Copy

Female - Maternal Copy

Question 23

Genome of an Organism

Answer 23

Entire genetic material of an organism. Includes all chromosomes and genetic material found in the mitochondria.

Question 24

The Human Genome

Answer 24

Contains over 3billion pairs.

Question 25

Mitochondrial DNA

Answer 25

Inherited from the mother as the mitochondria is formed in the egg.

Question 26

Allele

Answer 26

Different forms of the same gene (variant).

Question 27

Homozygote

Answer 27

Individuals with 2 identical alleles for a characteristic.

Question 28

Heterozygote

Answer 28

Individual with 2 different alleles for a characteristic.

Question 29

Genotype

Answer 29

Genetic makeup of an individual for a particular characteristic. For example, hair or eye colour.

Question 30

Phenotype

Answer 30

The physical/biochemistry appearance of an individual for a particular characteristic.

Question 31

Dominant Allele

Answer 31

Phenotype will be apparent in the offspring even if only one if the alleles is inherited.

Question 32

Recessive Phenotype

Answer 32

Phenotype will only show up on the offspring if both of the alleles coding for that characteristic are inherited.