B1.2 Flashcards
Where is the DNA in cells?
Nucleus
Each long molecule of DNA is a…
Chromosome
What are short sections of DNA called?
Genes
What is the shape of DNA?
Double Helix
What is a polymer?
A large molecule made of small, repeating monomers
What is the relation between nucleotides and DNA?
DNA is a polymer of nucleotides
What connects the two strands of DNA?
Bases
What are the parts of a nucleotide?
Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar and base
What are the 4 bases in DNA and their complimentary pairs?
A and T
C and G
What is transcription?
1) A strand of DNA copies to make a new strand of DNA called mRNA
2) mRNA leaves the nucleus into the ribosomes for translation
What is translation
1) When the mRNA binds with the ribosome, the mRNA is getting read by the ribosome in codons
2) After being read, each codon codes for a specific amino acid
3) As the ribosomes continue reading the mRNA, their would be a long chain of amino acids which would finally form a protein
Why can’t the DNA leave the nucleus?
The DNA is too big
What happens when the coding process occurs?
The DNA unzips into 2 strands; one strand is the template strand which is used to try and compliment. Once finished, the strand of mRNA detaches itself from the DNA template
What are the 4 bases in mRNA and their complimentary pairs?
A and U
C and G
Proteins are a polymer of …?
Amino Acids
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts which help speed up reactions
An enzyme has always a specific …?
Shape
What is an active site?
A place where enzymes and substrates bind
What is a substrate?
A molecule that binds with the active site of the enzyme
How does the specific shape of the enzyme affect the bonding?
An enzyme can only bond to one type of substrate
What is the lock and key hypothesis?
Its the relation between the enzyme and substrate, as the enzyme is a lock and substrate in the key
What does the enzyme do to the substrate?
Enzymes are used to build large molecules from small ones or break down large molecules.
What factors affect enzyme catalyst reactions?
Temperature, pH and concentration of enzyme/substrate
What is the term from which the conditions the enzyme works best?
Optimum conditions
What does denatured mean?
When the active site changes shape so the enzyme stops working
