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Biology B1/B2 > B1.2 > Flashcards

B1.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the DNA in cells?

A

Nucleus

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2
Q

Each long molecule of DNA is a…

A

Chromosome

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3
Q

What are short sections of DNA called?

A

Genes

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4
Q

What is the shape of DNA?

A

Double Helix

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5
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A large molecule made of small, repeating monomers

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6
Q

What is the relation between nucleotides and DNA?

A

DNA is a polymer of nucleotides

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7
Q

What connects the two strands of DNA?

A

Bases

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8
Q

What are the parts of a nucleotide?

A

Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar and base

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9
Q

What are the 4 bases in DNA and their complimentary pairs?

A

A and T
C and G

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10
Q

What is transcription?

A

1) A strand of DNA copies to make a new strand of DNA called mRNA
2) mRNA leaves the nucleus into the ribosomes for translation

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11
Q

What is translation

A

1) When the mRNA binds with the ribosome, the mRNA is getting read by the ribosome in codons
2) After being read, each codon codes for a specific amino acid
3) As the ribosomes continue reading the mRNA, their would be a long chain of amino acids which would finally form a protein

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12
Q

Why can’t the DNA leave the nucleus?

A

The DNA is too big

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13
Q

What happens when the coding process occurs?

A

The DNA unzips into 2 strands; one strand is the template strand which is used to try and compliment. Once finished, the strand of mRNA detaches itself from the DNA template

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14
Q

What are the 4 bases in mRNA and their complimentary pairs?

A

A and U
C and G

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15
Q

Proteins are a polymer of …?

A

Amino Acids

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16
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological catalysts which help speed up reactions

17
Q

An enzyme has always a specific …?

A

Shape

18
Q

What is an active site?

A

A place where enzymes and substrates bind

19
Q

What is a substrate?

A

A molecule that binds with the active site of the enzyme

20
Q

How does the specific shape of the enzyme affect the bonding?

A

An enzyme can only bond to one type of substrate

21
Q

What is the lock and key hypothesis?

A

Its the relation between the enzyme and substrate, as the enzyme is a lock and substrate in the key

22
Q

What does the enzyme do to the substrate?

A

Enzymes are used to build large molecules from small ones or break down large molecules.

23
Q

What factors affect enzyme catalyst reactions?

A

Temperature, pH and concentration of enzyme/substrate

24
Q

What is the term from which the conditions the enzyme works best?

A

Optimum conditions

25
Q

What does denatured mean?

A

When the active site changes shape so the enzyme stops working

Biology B1/B2 (3 decks)

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