B12

Question 1

What is evolution

Answer 1

The change in the inherited charictoristics of a population over time through a process of natural selection, which may result in the formation of a new species

Question 2

What is the widely accepted theory of evolution

Answer 2

Charles darwins theory called ‘the theory of natural selection’

Question 3

Stages of the theory of natural selection

Answer 3

1. ) In species all the individuals are different and show a wide rage of variation
2. ) Variation due to differences in genes
3. ) individuals with genes most suitable to the enviroment are most likely to survive and reproduce
4. ) The genes/alleles that allow these individuals to be successful are passed to the offspring

Question 4

Why did people not believe Darwin

Answer 4

Theory challenges the ideas of god made all species on earth

There was insufficiant evidence at the time the theory was published to convice scientist

Question 5

Stages of selective breeding

Answer 5

1. ) Decide which charictoristics are important ( desirable characteristics)
2. ) choose parents that show these charicteristics
3. ) breed two parents together
4. ) select offspring that have the desired characteristics to breed the next generation
5. ) repeat the process continuously until all organisms have the desired features

Question 6

Advantages of selective breeding

Answer 6

Can produce animals and plants with desirable characteristics

Can create new varieties of good crops

Increase milk/meat yield from cattle

Question 7

Disadvantages of selective breeding

Answer 7

Could lead to a population of animals or plants with very similar genetics

Often involves breeding individuals that are closely related, known as inbreeding

Question 8

What is genetic engineering

Answer 8

Process which involves modefying the genome of an organism by inroducing a gene from another organism to give desirable characteristics

Question 9

Stages of genetic engineering

Answer 9

1. ) select the required gene
2. ) isolate the gene using enzymes
3. ) insert this gene into another organism
4. ) allow the genetically modified bacterium to reproduce
5. ) separate and purify the product of the gene

Question 10

Advantages of genetic engineering

Answer 10

Organisms with desired fearures are produced rapidly

Fruit/ veg with longer shelf life

Increase crop yield or quality of plants

Question 11

Disadvantages of genetic engineering

Answer 11

Possib,e harm when eaten by humans/ animals

Damage to food chains

Gm animals might escape and breed wild animals