B1.1.5 Energy and ATP

Question 1

Why is glucose not a good immediate energy source for a cell?

Answer 1

• Stable so energy is released slowly.
• Large amount of energy released - difficult to manage.
• Many reactions required to release energy.

Question 2

If an inorganic phosphate molecule is added to ADP from a donor molecule we call this…

Answer 2

Substrate-Level Phosphorylation

Question 3

What is the equation for respiration?

Answer 3

Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP)

Question 4

ATP + Water –> ?

Answer 4

ATP + Water –> ADP + Pi + Energy

Question 5

ADP + Pi + Energy –> ?

Answer 5

ADP + Pi + Energy –> ATP + Water

Question 6

Which enzyme is required to catalyse the hydrolysis of ATP?

Answer 6

ATP Hydrolase (ATPase)

Question 7

What is the function of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)?

Answer 7

To provide the energy to carry out processes in cells.

Question 8

Describe the bond that holds the outer phosphate group on an ATP molecule.

Answer 8

Weak

Unstable

Easily broken

Question 9

When a inorganic phosphate molecule is added to another molecule we call it…

Answer 9

phosphorylation

Question 10

What are the components of an ATP nucleotide?

Answer 10

Adenine

Ribose

3 Phosphates

Question 11

If an inorganic phosphate molecule is added to ADP during respiration we call this…

Answer 11

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 12

What type of reaction is: ATP + Water –> ADP + Pi + Energy

Answer 12

Hydrolysis Reaction

Question 13

What are the components of an ADP nucleotide?

Answer 13

Adenine

Ribose

2 Phosphates

Question 14

Where is the energy in ATP released from?

Answer 14

The bonds between phosphate molecules

Question 15

What does AMP stand for?

Answer 15

Adenosine Monophosphate

Question 16

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 16

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 17

How is ATP suited to its function as an immediate source of energy for a cell?

Answer 17

• It’s instability means energy can be released quickly.
• ATP is rapidly reformed from ADP.
• Small amount of energy released so easy to manage.
• Only a single hydrolysis reaction tak place for energy release.

Question 18

Energy from respiration takes the form of what?

Answer 18

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 19

What does ADP stand for?

Answer 19

Adenosine Diphosphate

Question 20

Can ATP be stored in the body?

Answer 20

No - it is rapidly used so the body must constantly reform it.

Question 21

If an inorganic phosphate molecule is added to ADP during photosynthesis we call this…

Answer 21

Photophosphorylation

Question 22

What type of reaction is: ADP + Pi + Energy –> ATP + Water

Answer 22

Condensation Reaction

Question 23

Which energy requiring process does the body use ATP for?

Answer 23

• Metabolic processes - making polypeptides form amino acids.
• Movement - muscle contraction.
• Active Transport - changing the shape of carrier proteins in cell membranes to move molecules against concentration gradients.
• Secretion - to form lysosomes so cells can secrete.
• Activation of Molecules - Phosphates from ATP can be used to phosphorylate other molecules to activate them.

Question 24

Which enzyme is required to catalyse the condensation reaction of ADP + Inorganic phosphate into ATP?

Answer 24

ATP Synthase

Question 25

What doe Pi stand for?

Answer 25

Inorganic phosphate molecule

Question 26

How is ATP resynthesised in cells?

Answer 26

from ADP and phosphate

using ATP synthase

during respiration

Question 27

Give 2 ways the hydrolysis of ATP is used in cells?

Answer 27

1. to provide energy for other reactions
2. to add a phosphate onto molecules - making them more reactive

Question 28

Give 2 ways ATP is suitable energy source for cells to use?

Answer 28

1. Releases relatively small amount of energy / little energy lost as heat;
2. Releases energy instantaneously;
3. Phosphorylates other compounds, making them more reactive;
4. Can be rapidly re-synthesised;
5. Is not lost from/does not leave cells;

Question 29

state and explain a property of water that can help it buffer temp changes

Answer 29

1. high specific heat capacity
2. can gain or lose a lot of heat without changing temp
3. takes a lot of heat to change the temp

Question 30

name 2 products of ATP hydrolysis

Answer 30

adenosine diphosphate and phosphate (ADP)