B11.1 and 11.2 Flashcards
Inheritance
the transmission of genetic information from parent to offspring
Chromosome
carries genetic information in the form of genes
Gene
a length of DNA that codes for a particular protein
Diploid nucleus
Nuclei which contains a full set of chromosomes (23 pairs)
Haploid nucleus
Nuclei which only contain half the number of chromosomes. These cells are egg and sperm cells, which fuse during fertillisation to produce a diploid cell
Which Chromosome determines the gender?
sex chromosome
Protein sythesis
process in which cells make proteins
Female sex chromsomes
XX
Male sex chromosomes
XY
where is DNA located in
Nucleus
what does DNA do
determines what proteins are made by cells (include enzymes which control all cell activity)
define mitosis
nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cells
define meiosis
reduction division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid resulting genetically different cells
roles of mitosis
-growth
-repair damaged tissues
-replacement of cells
-asexual reproduction
roles of meiosis
-making gametes
-produce genetic variation
