B11-The Control of Blood Glucose Flashcards
what is insulin and what does it do
Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas
which regulates the amount of glucose in the blood.
The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes.
what is diabetes
Diabetes is a disease in which the body’s ability to produce or respond to the hormone insulin is impaired,
resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and elevated levels of glucose in the blood
what is glycogen
is the carbohydrate storage , being converted to glucose; it is formed by and largely stored in the liver, and muscles
what happens when blood glucose is above the normal level
the pancreas produces a hormone called insulin which is released into the bloodstream .
Insulin causes glucose to move from the blood into cells, where it is either used for respiration or stored in liver and muscle cells as glycogen.
what happens when blood sugar drops too low
the level of insulin declines and other cells in the pancreas release glucagon,
which causes the liver to turn stored glycogen back into glucose and release it into the blood.
what us the difference between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes
Type 1
Often diagnosed in childhood
Not associated with excess body weight
Treated with insulin injections or insulin pump
Type 2
Usually diagnosed in over 30 year olds
associated with body weight
Is usually treated initially without medication or with tablets (controlled diet)
similarities between insulin and glucagon
Both are hormones secreted by the pancreas but they are made from different types of cells in the pancreas.
Both help manage the blood glucose levels in the body but they have opposite effects.
Both respond to blood glucose levels but they have opposite effects.
what is thyroxine
is the main hormone secreted into the bloodstream by the thyroid gland.
Thyroid hormones play vital roles in :
-regulating the body’s metabolic rate
-heart and digestive functions,
-muscle control,
-brain development
-maintenance of bones.
