B1.1 - Keeping Healthy Flashcards
Diet and Diseases
What are the 4 main types of nutrients and what does each part do?
Carbohydrates = energy for life processes
Proteins = growth and repair
Fats = cell membranes and insulation
Vitamins and mineral ions = keep healthy
What happens when the body doesn’t get a balanced diet?
Becomes malnourished
Name the 2 forms of of cholesterol and what they do
LDL - BAD -> heart disease
HDL - GOOD -> helps remove LDL
How do high LDL levels lead to a heart attack?
High LDL levels -> high risk of plagues in arteries
Clots block arteries -> no oxygenated blood getting to heart -> heart attack
What is metabolic rate?
Rate chemical reactions take pale in cells
can be inherited
What are the two main ways of increasing metabolic rate?
- Diets/Exercise: Energy used > energy taken in
- Muscle > fat (needs more energy fast)
What are pathogens?
Microorganisms that cause disease
What are the different ways bacteria and viruses cause infection?
- Bacteria reproduce fast -> produce toxins
- Viruses multiply in cells -> burst, go into other cells
Name the 2 forms of white blood cells and the differences between them
Phagocyte = surrounds and injest pathogens
Lymphocyte = produce anti-bodies and anti-toxins -> group around, kills them
- 1 unique shape for each pathogen/toxin
Name 2 reasons pathogens may be grown in industry
Hospital labs -> cures
Enzymes in industry
Explain 3 conditions needed when growing bacteria
Sterilise equipment - stop germs
Seal agar and don’t touch - stop germs
Keep cool - avoid growing other pathogens
What are antibiotics?
Drugs that kill bacteria
What is antibiotic resistance?
Mutated bacteria survive antibiotics - new ones needed to kill them
