B1.1 Keeping Healthy

Question 1

What does a balanced diet contain?

Answer 1

7 MAIN NUTRITION GROUPS:

1. Carbohydrates - to release ENERGY
2. Proteins - for GROWTH, CELL REPAIR and REPLACEMENT
3. Fats - to keep WARM, release ENERGY
4. Fibre - to keep everything moving smoothly through the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
5. (+6) Vitamins and Minerals - keep everything HEALTHY
6. Water - to keep hydrated, BODILY FUNCTIONS

Question 2

What is metabolic rate?

Answer 2

The rate at which CHEMICAL REACTIONS in the body take place

Question 3

How does lifestyle affect diet?

Answer 3

Different people need different amounts of ENERGY based on their individual lifestyle.
The LESS exercise you do, the LESS food that you need.

Question 4

What is BMI? How is it calculated?

Answer 4

Body Mass Index

body mass(kg) /(height(m))²

Question 5

Advantages and Disadvantages of BMI?

Answer 5

Advantages:
indicates a healthy weight
quick method
highlights poor lifestyles

Disadvantages:
needs to be along side other indicators
not accurate for people who: are muscular, young and elderly, pregnant woman

Question 6

What are the consequences of overeating?

Answer 6

Excess carbohydrate or fat can lead to obesity
As a result of obesity you can develop: heart disease, arthritis, type 2 diabetes
Too much saturated fat causes higher cholesterol
Too much salt can cause high blood pressure leading to heart problems

Question 7

What are the consequences of under-eating?

Answer 7

Slow growth in young children
Fatigue
Poor resistance to infection
Irregular periods
Deficiency diseases E.G. lack of vitamin c - scurvy

Question 8

What is cholesterol?

Answer 8

Made in the liver and found in the blood. High cholesterol levels have been linked to heart disease.

Question 9

What foods affect cholesterol levels?

Answer 9

SATURATED FATS: found in dairy + red meats. Too much can raise cholesterol.
UNSATURATED FATS: olive oil, peanuts,avocados. Gives energy and lower’s cholesterol.
HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS: moves cholesterol OUT of blood vessels.
LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS: deposits cholesterol in blood vessels.

Question 10

What are the methods of infection?

Answer 10

Infection through air
Consumption (in food)
Physical contact (through wounds and direct contact)

Question 11

What are the bodies defense mechanisms?

Answer 11

White blood cells
Skin (physical barrier)
Mucus and cilia (respiratory system)
Platelets (helps blood clot to form scabs)