B11 - Hormonal Coordination Flashcards
What is another name for he pituitary gland?
Master gland
What is the endocrine system made up of?
It’s made up of glands that secrete chemicals (hormones) directly into the bloodstream.
What hormones give a rapid response?
Insulin - which controls your blood glucose.
Adrenaline - which prepares your body for fight or flight.
What does ADH control?
How much urine is produced by the kidney.
What does FSH stand for, and what does it do?
It stands for follicle stimulating hormone, and it stimulates the ovaries to make the female sex hormone oestrogen.
What does the TSH do?
Stimulates the thyroid gland to make thyroxine.
What does thyroxine help control?
The rate of your metabolism.
What are the key endocrine glands?
Pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, ovaries, and testes.
Define glucose
The sugar used in respiration.
Define glycogen
A storage carbohydrate found in the liver and muscles.
Define glucagon
A hormone that stimulates the liver to break down glycogen to glucose.
What happens if your blood glucose level is too low?
The pancreas will detect the change and release glucagon. The glucagon causes glycogen to be broken down into glucose as well as amino acids/fats to be broken down. This increases the blood glucose level to its normal amount.
What happens if your blood glucose level is too high?
The pancreas will detect the change and release insulin. The insulin causes glucose to be taken in by cells as well as glucose being converted to glycogen in the liver. This decreases the blood glucose level to its normal amount.
What causes type 1 diabetes?
Your pancreas does not make enough or any insulin, which means your blood glucose concentration is not controlled.
What causes type 2 diabetes?
It’s causes links in with obesity, lack of exercise, or both. The pancreas still makes insulin, but your body cells stop responding to the insulin you make.
How can you cure type 1 diabetes?
A doctor can transplant a pancreas - which, while it can be successful. Patients still have to take medication, and their can be complications during the operation.
You can also transplant pancreas cells - but this has limited success.
Treating type 2 diabetes?
- balanced diet
- losing weight
- doing regular exercise
What does adrenaline cause?
- increased heart rate and breathing rate
- glycogen is stored in your liver
- pupils dilate to let in more light
- mental awareness increases
- blood is diverted to muscles
What does thyroxine stimulate?
Thyroxine from the thyroid gland stimulates the basal metabolic rate.
What is thyroxine controlled by while adrenaline is not?
Thyroxine is controlled by negative feedback, whereas adrenaline is not.
What does follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) cause?
FSH causes the eggs in the ovary to mature.
What does luteinising hormone (LH) stimulate?
LH stimulates the release of the eggs at ovulation.
What does oestrogen and progesterone stimulate?
Oestrogen and progesterone stimulate the build-up and maintenance of the uterus lining.
How often is an egg released at ovulation?
Every 28 days.
What is testosterone, and what does it stimulate?
Testosterone is the main male reproductive hormone produced by the testes and stimulates sperms production.
Effects of FSH?
- causes eggs to mature
- stimulates he ovary to produce oestrogen
Effects of LH?
- triggers ovulation
Effects of oestrogen?
- causes the lining of he uterus to develop
- inhibits the release of LSH
- stimulates the release of LH
Effects of progesterone?
- maintains the lining of the uterus
- inhibits the release of bothe FSH and LH
