B11: Hormonal coordination Flashcards
What is the endocrine system?
A system consisting of glands which secrete chemicals into the blood stream
How are hormones carried around the body?
In the bloodstream, only bind to specific target organs, where an effect is produced
Compare the endocrine system and the nervous system
Nervous system uses electrical impulses// Endocrine system uses hormones which are carried in the bloodstream.
Nervous system signalling is extremely fast//Endocrine system is slower/ more long lasting.
What are some of the key glands in the endocrine system?
Pancreas (between kidneys)
Ovaries/ Testes
Thyroid gland (base of the neck)
Adrenal glands (above kidneys)
Pituitary gland (in the brain)
What hormones does the pancreas produce?
Insulin/ glucagon - control glucose concentration in the blood
What hormones do the ovaries produce?
Reproductive/ puberty hormones
What hormones do the testes produce?
Reproductive/ puberty hormones
What hormones does the thyroid gland produce?
Hormones involved in growth/ regulate body’s basal metabolic rate - thyroxine
What hormones do the adrenal glands produce?
Adrenaline - stimulates fight or flight, in times of fear or stress
What hormones does the pituitary gland produce?
Master gland - produce many different types of hormones, depending on the conditions. These can act on other glands and cause other hormones to be released, which can trigger different effects on the body.
Why does blood concentration need to be kept constant?
Too low - not enough glucose for respiration
Too high - sth about osmotic rate?
How does insulin work?
Travels all through the blood and triggers body cells to take up glucose. Also triggers liver and muscle cells to store excess glucose as glycogen.
- as glucose is taken up and stored, homeostasis has taken place (glucose concentration has been restored)
What is type 1 diabetes?
Pancreas does not produce enough insulin.
Blood glucose concentration needs to be monitored and inject themselves with insulin if it rises too much.
Genetic.
What is type 2 diabetes?
Body stops responding to insulin released.
Treated with a diet containing controlled amounts of carbohydrates and exercise.
Risk factor is obesity.
What does the body do when glucose concentration is too low?
Pancreas releases glucagon into the bloodstream - triggers liver cells to convert glycogen to glucose.
