B11. Hormonal Control Flashcards
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function in response to internal and external changes.
Define a gland
A gland is any organ that releases hormones
Define a hormone
A hormone is a chemical produced by a gland secreted into the bloodstream
where it travels in the blood to a target organ where a response occurs.
The pituitary gland is know as the ‘master gland’. Which hormones does the pituitary gland secrete?
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinising hormone (LH)
Name the hormones that the pancreas gland secretes?
Insulin and glucagon
Which hormone is secreted by the thyroid gland and what is it’s function.
Hormone = Thyroxine
It controls metabolic rate and affects growth
Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal glands?
Adrenaline
What is the function of the hormone adrenaline?
It increases the heart rate and
boosts the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles preparing the body for ‘flight or fight’.
Explain how insulin regulates blood glucose levels?
Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver and muscle cells to take in excess glucose and store it as glycogen.
Which gland detects changes in blood glucose levels?
Pancreas
Explain how the hormone glucagon causes blood glucose levels to rise.
Glucagon travels in the bloodstream to the liver (where there is a store of glucose).
The liver converts stored glycogen back into glucose.
Blood glucose levels therefore rise.
Which type of feedback controls blood glucose levels?
Negative feedback
What is meant by the term ‘negative feedback’?
Negative feedback involves a response that is thereverseof the change detected (it functions toreducethe change).
What is Type 1 diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes is a disorder in which the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin.
How might a Dr become aware that a patient has type 1 diabetes?
It is characterised by uncontrolled high blood glucose levels.
The patient may have glucose in their urine.