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Biology 1 > B1.1 Healthy Eating > Flashcards

B1.1 Healthy Eating Flashcards

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0
Q

Explain why each of 6 essential nutrients are needed in the body.

A
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1
Q

What are the 6 essential nutrient?

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Protein
  • Fats
  • Vitamins + Minerals
  • Fibre
  • Water
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2
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

A balanced diet contains food from all 6 of the essential nutrients/groups.

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3
Q

How can we test for protein?

A

✏We can test for protein using the Buiret test.
✏This involves adding the piece of good to a copper sulphate solution with a little sodium hydroxide added.
✏The light blue colour changes to purple if proteins are present

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4
Q

What is the alcohol emulsion test?

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5
Q

Name the two forms of carbohydrates.

A

Carbohydrates come either as:

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6
Q

How can you test for starch?

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7
Q

What are carbohydrates made up of?

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8
Q

What are fats made up of?

A

✏Fats are made up of fatty acids and glycerol.

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9
Q

What are proteins made up of?

A

Enzymes

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10
Q

The total amount of energy and nutrients used in a day may be influenced by:

A
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11
Q

What does BMI stand for?

A

✏Body mass index

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12
Q

What does BMI give and indication of?

A

✏BMI gives an indication as to whether you are the right weight.

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13
Q

Too much salt can cause…..

A

High blood pressure

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14
Q

What is the recommended daily amount of salt?

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15
Q

What is cholesterol?

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16
Q

Cholesterol is naturally produced by the….

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17
Q

✏ The liver is really important in controlling the amount of cholesterol in the body.

✏ It makes new cholesterol and removes it from the blood so that it can be eliminated from the body.

✏ The amount the liver makes depends on your……..

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18
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19
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20
Q

What are the two types of lipoproteins?

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21
Q

High levels of cholesterol may be caused by:

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22
Q

What do saturated fats do?

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23
Q

What do polyunsaturated fats do?

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24
Q
A

✂ Recent evidence suggests monounsaturated fats may help to lower blood cholesterol and encourage high density lipoproteins.

25
Q

What are the four types of microbes?

A
26
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Pathogens are micro-organisms that cause disease.

27
Q
A
28
Q

Define antiseptic..

A

✏ Antiseptic- chemical used to clean wounds.

29
Q

Define disinfectant…

A

✏ Disinfectant- chemic used on surfaces to kill pathogens

30
Q

Define antibiotics…

A

✏ Antibiotics- are chemical which kill bacteria e.g. Throat infections

They have no effect on virus e.g. Sore throat from a cold

31
Q

What is penicillin?

A
32
Q

Why is us difficult to develop drugs to kill viruses?

A
33
Q

Define mutation…

A
34
Q
A
35
Q

Describe the vaccination process.

A

✏ Vaccinations involve injecting small amounts of dead or inactive pathogens.

✏ This stimulates the production of antibodies.

✏ Further exposure means the body knows which antibodies to produce QUICKLY, so the pathogen is quickly destroyed.

36
Q

Define a toxin…

A
37
Q

Define antigenic…

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38
Q

Define pathogens…

A
39
Q

Define epidemic….

A
40
Q

Define pandemics…

A
41
Q

What is the function of a white blood cell..

A

✏ Their main role is defence against disease

42
Q

When white blood cells come across an invading pathogen they have three lines of attack…

What are these three lines?

A
43
Q

White blood cells consume pathogenic microorganisms….

Describe this process.

A

Consuming (non-specific white blood cells)-

✏ Anything that gets through the first line of defence (skin, eyes and respiratory system) and enters the body is picked up by white blood cells called PHAGOCYTES (a chemical barrier).

✏ The white blood cells also trigger an inflammatory response. Blood flow to the infected area is increased (making the area red and hot) and plasma leaks into the damaged tissue (which makes the area swell up)- this is so the right cell can get to the area to fight the infection.

44
Q

What do phagocytes do?

A

✏ Phagocytes detect things that are ‘foreign’ to the body, e.g. Microbes, they engulf microbes and digest them.

✏ Phagocytes are non-specific- they attack anything that’s not meant to be there.

45
Q

White blood cells produce antibodies to fight bacteria…

Describe this process.

A

Produce antibodies (specific)

46
Q

Why are antitoxins produced?

A

Antitoxins neutralise the toxins produced by the pathogens.

47
Q

What conditions do microorganisms need to be provided with to reproduce quickly?

A
48
Q

Bacteria and fungi can be grown on special media called agar.
What does agar provide them with?

A

Agar provides them:

49
Q

What can different species of bacteria be distinguished by?

A
50
Q

Describe the culturing process.

A
51
Q

Why should the Petri dish be placed upside down?

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52
Q

Bacteria grow and reproduce mor QUICKLY when they are……

A
53
Q

In school laboratories the temperature should not exceed 25 degrees Celsius.
Why?

A
54
Q

What is an incubator?

A

Biology 1 (8 decks)

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