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Biology 1 > B1.1 Classification, Variation And Inheritance > Flashcards

B1.1 Classification, Variation And Inheritance Flashcards

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1
Q

What is classification?

A

Classifying organisms based on their characteristics and features.

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2
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms?

A 
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protoctista
Prokaryotae
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3
Q

What are the subdivison of the animals kingdom?

A

Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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4
Q

What are features of animals?

A

They are heterotrophs- they cant make their own food

They are multicellular but do not have cell walls or chlorophyll.

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of plants?

A

They are autotrophs- they make their own food

They are multicellular.

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of fungi?

A

They are saprophytes- they feed off dead organisms and decaying material.
They are multicellular.

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7
Q

What is a vertebrate?

A

An organism with a backbone and internal skeleton.

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8
Q

What is an invertebrate?

A

An organism with no backbone and no internal skeleton (sometimes they have an exoskeleton).

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9
Q

What is a hybrid?

A

An organism caused by two different organism cross-breeding.

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10
Q

What is a binomial name?

A

A name given to every species of animal. It consists of the Genus then the species. This is done to avoid confusion between species with the same name eg robin.

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11
Q

What is a key?

A

A series of questions designed to find out what an unknown organism is.

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12
Q

What are the two factors that determine your characteristics?

A

Genes and the environment.

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13
Q

Which features are caused by genes?

A

Eye colour
Blood group
Inherited disorders

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14
Q

What is a gene?

A

Coding inside your cells that control how you’re made.

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15
Q

What is environmental variation?

A

The differences between members of the same species that is down to the environment.

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16
Q

Are most characteristics due to genes or the environment?

A

A mixture of both.

17
Q

What is continuous variation?

A

When individuals in a population vary within a range - there are no distinct categories.

18
Q

What kind of graph is drawn to show continuous variation?

A

A line graph where the line is often in the form of a bell.

19
Q

What is discontinuous variation?

A

Where there are two or more distinct categories where each individual falls into one of these categories.

20
Q

What graph is drawn to show discontinuous variation?

A

A line graph.

21
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

A characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment.

22
Q

What are some examples of deep sea adaptations?

A

Angler fish are able to emit light.
Most have huge mouths.
They have huge eyes or feelers to help them see.

23
Q

What is natural selection?

A

The animals with the best adaptations due to their genes survive are able to survive better. Therefore they are more likely to pass on their genes to the next generation. Over time, only the well adapted organisms of that species will survive and pass on their genes, so only these will exist.

24
Q

What is evolution caused by?

A

Gradual changes in DNA.

25
Q

What is speciation?

A

When populations of the same species become so different that they can no longer breed to produces fertile offspring.

26
Q

How does speciation occur?

A
  1. The two population are isolated.
  2. The conditions for the two populations become different and natural selection causes the species with the best genes to survive.
  3. Eventually, the two populations will have changed so much that they become two different species.
27
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

Long lengths of DNA coiled up in your nucleus. You have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

28
Q

What is a DNA molecule?

A

Lots of genes together in a double helix.

29
Q

What is a genetic diagram?

A

A diagram drawn to show the possible genes of offspring.

30
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

If an organism has two alleles for a particular gene that are the same.

31
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

When an organism has two alleles for a gene that are different.

32
Q

What is a dominant and recessive allele?

A

A dominant allele will always have its characteristic shown.

A recessive allele will only have its character shown of the organism is homozygous.

33
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

A disorder of the cell membranes that causes the body to produce lots of sticky mucus in the air passages, gut and pancreas.

Biology 1 (3 decks)

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