B1.1 Cells Flashcards
What are living organisms made out of?
cells
What is the best definition of cells?
The smallest units of an organisms
True or False: cells only make up animal organisms not plants or unicelluar
False
How do you view a cell?
through a microscope
How does magnification work on a microscope?
You have to do: eyepiece lens magnification × objective lens magnification
if the eyepiece lens magnification is 40 and the objective lens is 10, what is the magnification
×400
amoeba
A unicellular organism that are like a blob of jelly and can take any form or shape. They can be found in fresh water, salt water, wet soil and even inside animals.
binary fission
When a unicellular organism splits itself into two identical cells
cell membrane
The cell component that controls which substances can move into and out of the cell.
cell
The smallest functional unit in an organism – the building block of life.
cell wall
The plant cell component that surrounds the cell, providing support.
chloroplast
The plant cell component where photosynthesis takes place.
cytoplasm
A ‘jelly-like’ substance found in cells, where all the chemical
reactions take place.
concentration
A measure of the number of particles of a substance in a given
volume.
diffusion
The movement of liquid or gas particles from a place of high
concentration to a place of low concentration.
egg cell
A cell containing female genetic material.
euglena
Unicellular organism that performs photosynthesis.
flagellum
A tail-like structure that allows euglenas to move.
leaf cell
The plant cells that contain chloroplasts, where photosynthesis
takes place.
microscope
An optical instrument used to magnify objects, so small details can
be seen clearly
mitochondria
The cell component where respiration takes place.
nerve cell
An animal cell that transmits electrical impulses around the body. They are long and thin and have connections at each end to join to other nerve cells, which allows them to transmit signals round the body.
observation
Carefully looking at an object or process.
nucleus
The cell component that controls the cell and contains genetic
material.
organism
A living thing
red blood cell
An animal cell that transports oxygen around the body. They have no nucleus. They are a disk shape with a dip in the middle to increase surface area for oxygen.
respiration
A chemical reaction where food and oxygen are converted into
energy, water, and carbon dioxide.
root hair cell
A plant cell that takes in water and minerals from the soil through the process called “diffusion”.
specialised cell
A cell whose shape and structure enable it to perform a particular
function.
sperm cell
A cell containing male genetic material. They have a streamlined head and a long and thin tail for swimming through liquid. They have lots of mitochondria for energy because the tail requires lots.
unicellular
Consisting of just one cell.
vacuole
The plant cell component that contains cell sap and helps to keep
the cell firm.
What thickness should an object under the microscope be and why?
thin because it lets light travel through
If you find a thin object underneath the microscope hard to see what could you do?
add dye
what are all the steps to use microscope
Move the stage to the lowest position, Place the object you want, Select the objective lens the lowest magnification, Look through the eyepiece and turn the coarse-focus knob slowly until you see your object, Turn the fine-focus knob until your object comes into focus
What is the first step to using a microscope
Move the stage to the lowest position
What is the fifth step to using a microscope
Turn the fine-focus knob until your object comes into focus
What is the third step to using a microscope
Select the objective lens the lowest magnification.
What is the second step to using a microscope
Place the object you want
What is the fourth step to using a microscope
Look through the eyepiece and turn the coarse-focus knob slowly until you see your object
what are the names of the components of a microscope
eyepiece lens, objective lens, stage, coarse focus, fin focus, light, slide
Is the course focus knob bigger or smaller that the fine focus
bigger
What is the use of the eyepiece and objective lens for?
magnification
What is the use of coarse and fine focus
brings the object into focus. coarse before eyepiece
What is the use of the stage
to hold the slide
What is the use of the slide
to hold the object to view
What is the use of the light
to light up the slide so you can see it through the lens
What are the four parts that make up an animal cell
cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria
what are the seven parts that make up a plant cell
cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, mitchondria, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, vacuole
What does a plant cell include that an animla cell does not?
cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts
what are cells designed in special shapes and structures called?
specialised cells
a specialised cell’s features and structure are known as
adaptations
What do all cells in your body need according to oxford smart activate 1 textbook
glucose and oxygen
what is a byproduct of respiration in cells?
co2 carbon dioxide
Can the blood transfer chemicals and chemicals round your body?
Yes
How does oxygen and carbon dioxide get into and out of a plant
through the bottom of a leaf with little holes
what does a plant wilt
because the cells require water to fill the vacuole to keep a structure
how do ameobas eat
by the process called engulfing where they surround there food and the food vacoule digests it
how do ameobas excrete extra water?
through the contractile vacoule
what extra things do euglena have than an amoeba
flagellum, eye spot, chloroplasts
how do euglena find food
to photosynthesize the euglena uses its eyesport to find sunlight and swim towards it then it uses its chloroplats to create energy from it or if there is no sunlight, like an ameoba, it can engluf too.
how euglenas repoduce
binary fission
Which part of the particle model helps explain the different boiling points of different substances?
The forces between the particles.
