B1.1 - Cell Theory - Prokaryotic cells Flashcards
What is meant by prokaryotic cells
single-celled micro-organisms with no membrane-bound organelles including a nucleus
What is a prokaryotic cell
bacteria cells
What is the structure of the cell wall of prokaryotic cells
it is made of peptidoglycan which protects and supports each cell
What is the structure and function of the capsule
it is a slippery layer outside the cell wall which protects and prevents dessication
What is the nucleoid
an irregular shaped area that holds the DNA in a circular chromosome without a nuclear membrane
What is the function of the nucleiod
controls cellular activity
What is the plasmid
a small loop of DNA that carries the genes that ensure the survival of the organism
What is the difference between the ribosomes in an eukaryotic and a prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cells have larger ribosomes (80S) compared to prokaryotic cells (70S), the size is determined by their ability to form sediment in a solution
What is the process known as transcription
A section of DNA containing the genetic code for a metabolite unwinds and hydrogen bonds break, RNA nucleotides line up and messenger RNA is formed.
What is complementary base pairing
the way in which nitrogenous bases in DNA pair with each other (Adenine (A) with Thymine (T) or Uracil (U) in mRNA and Guanine (G) with Cytosine (C)
What is translation
The production of protein which occurs at the ribosomes
What is RNA
ribonucleic acid, a molecule with long chains of nucleotides
What process can be used to classify bacteria
Gram staining
What two groups of bacteria are classified using the Gram stain technique
Gram positive and Gram negative
What colour do Gram-positive bacteria stain
Purple
