B1.1- cell structures

Question 1

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

• contain genetic material in the nucleus
• complex and relatively large (10 - 100)
• plant and animal cells

Question 2

What are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 2

• don’t contain a nucleus
• genetic material floats in the cytoplasm
• simple cells, typically small (1-10)
• bacterial cells
• single cells organisms

Question 3

Which sub-cellular structures do animal cells contain?

Answer 3

• nucleus
• cytoplasm
• cell membrane
• mitochondria

Question 4

Which sub-cellular structures do plant cells contain?

Answer 4

• nucleus
• cytoplasm
• cell membrane
• mitochondria
• cell wall
• chloroplast
• vacuole

Question 5

Nucleus:

Answer 5

• controls the activities of a cell
• contains the organism’s genetic material (arranged as chromosomes, determining cell’s function & appearance)
• contains instructions to make new cells/organisms

Question 6

Cytoplasm:

Answer 6

• jelly like substance

- chemical reactions that keep the cell alive occur here

Question 7

Mitochondria:

Answer 7

• where respiration occurs
• special protein molecules (enzymes) enable glucose & oxygen to react together
• the reactions transfer vital energy to the organism

Question 8

Cell membrane:

Answer 8

• selective barrier that controls which substances pass into and out of the cell
• contains receptor molecules

Question 9

Chloroplast:

Answer 9

• contains green chlorophyll (transfers energy from sun to plant as light> used in photosynthesis)
• only in the green parts of the plant

Question 10

Cell wall:

Answer 10

• surrounds the cell
• made of tough fibre (cellulose)
• makes the wall rigid
• supports the cell

Question 11

Vacuole:

Answer 11

• full of cell sap (watery solution of sugar and salts)
• helps to keep cell rigid
• supports the plant
• keeping it upright

Question 12

What are bacteria?

Answer 12

• smallest living organisms
• unicellular organisms (consist of just one cell)
• every cell can carry out MRS GREN
• around 1 in size

Question 13

Examples of prokaryotes:

Answer 13

• E.coli (cause food poisoning)
• streptococcus bacteria (cause sore throats)
• streptomyces bacteria (kills many disease causing bacteria)

Question 14

Which subcellular structures do prokaryotic cells contain?

Answer 14

• cell wall
• cytoplasm
• cell membrane
• genetic material

Question 15

Genetic material:

Answer 15

• floats freely in the cytoplasm
• one long strand of DNA (bacterial chromosome)
• normally circular

Question 16

Flagella:

Answer 16

• tail like structures

- allow the cell to move through liquids

Question 17

Pili:

Answer 17

• tiny hairlike structures
• enable the cell to attach to structures (digestive tract)
• used to transfer genetic material between bacteria

Question 18

Slime capsule:

Answer 18

• outside the cell wall
• protects a bacterium from drying out and from poisonous substances
• helps the bacteria to stick to smooth surfaces

Question 19

Plasmid:

Answer 19

• a circular piece of DNA used to store extra genes