B1.1-4 Carbohydrates And Saccharides Flashcards
What is a condensation reaction
2 molecules join together via a bond and eliminate a H2O molecule
What is a hydrolysis reaction
bond between 2 molecules is broken and involves the use H2O
What are polymers
Molecules made of many monomers joined together
What is maltose formed of
Glucose + Glucose
What is sucrose formed of
Glucose + fructose
What is galactose formed of
Glucose + galactose
What do starch /gylcogen actually as
Storage molecules
Properties of glucose/starch
They do not affect the water potential - insoluble
Compact structure - they’re coiled
Can’t cross cell membranes - too large
Why is glucose used in respiration
Has many ends for hydrolyzing enzymes
Difference between alpha/beta glucose and galactose
Alpha glucose - both OH groups on the bottom
Beta glucose - right OH on top, left on bottom
Galactose - both OH on top
What type of bond does a disaccharide have
Glycosidic bond
Straight chains have {} bonds
Beta-1,4-
Describe cellulose - structure and function
Beta 1-4 bonds so forms straight chains
Chains have hydrogen bonds so they are rigid
Form micro and macrofibrils
Coiled chains have {} bonds
Alpha-1,4-
Coiled and branched chains have {} bonds
Alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6-
Test for reducing sugars
Grind sample with water
Add equal amounts Benedict’s
Heat
Additional step for non reducing sugars
Add acid
Boil
neutralise with alkali
Test for starxh
Iodine solution turns yellow -> blue black
