B1.1

Question 1

What does Variation mean?

Answer 1

Range of characteristic individuals from the same species

Question 2

What does adaptations mean?

Answer 2

Characteristics of an organism that enables it to survive in the environment

Question 3

What does natural selection mean?

Answer 3

Individuals with a characteristic suited to survival reproduce and pass their genes to their offspring.

Question 4

What does speciation mean?

Answer 4

Formation of new characteristics due to geographical isolation.

Question 5

What is the order of classification?

Answer 5

Kingdom- Phylum- Class- Order-Family-Genus-Species

Question 6

What are the characteristics of ANIMALIA?

Answer 6

Multicellular, feed heterotrophs, no cell wall or chloroplasts

Question 7

What are the characteristics of PLANTAE?

Answer 7

Multicellular, autotrophs, cell walls, chloroplasts and chlorophyll

Question 8

What are the characteristics of FUNGI?

Answer 8

Multicellular, satrophytically, no chlorophyll

Question 9

What are the characteristics of PROTOCTISTA?

Answer 9

Single celled, has a nucleus, example algae

Question 10

What are the characteristics of PROKARYOTES?

Answer 10

Single celled, has no nucleus, example bacteria

Question 11

What are the characteristics of mammals?

Answer 11

Homeotherm, vivaporous, gas exchange through lungs, hair covering body, internal fertilisation, glands to secrete sweat.

Question 12

What are the characteristics of birds?

Answer 12

Homeotherm, oviparous, gas exchange through lungs, feathers, internal fertilisation,

Question 13

What are the characteristics of Fish?

Answer 13

Pokilotherm, oviparous, external fertilisation, gills

Question 14

What are the characterisitics of Reptiles?

Answer 14

Pokilotherm, oviporous, scales, internal fertilisation, lungs and gas exhange

Question 15

What are the characterisitics of Amphibians?

Answer 15

Polikilotherm, skin allows for diffusion, external fertilisation in water, oviporous

Question 16

What does hybrid mean?

Answer 16

Offspring of two species

Question 17

What are the two main concepts of natural selection?

Answer 17

Struggle for existence and survival of the fittest

Question 18

What is continuous variation?

Answer 18

Characteristics are spread over a range of values

Question 19

What is discontinuous variation?

Answer 19

Distinct different groups with no intermediates

Question 20

What is ring species?

Answer 20

Chain of related species that are connected geographically. species within the chain show variation but they still interbreed. Species at each end of the chain are to varied they can’t interbreed.

Question 21

What are Darwins three main focuses?

Answer 21

Diversity, fossils and Galapagos Islands

Question 22

Darwin and Diversity?

Answer 22

He visited Argentina and Australia which have similar grassland ecosystems. But they had different animals to other countries with the same ecosystem.

Question 23

Darwin and Fossils?

Answer 23

He collected fossils which resembled organisms of things living today and some which were unrecognisable.

Question 24

Darwin and Galapagos Islands?

Answer 24

He studied tortoises and realised their shells were different shapes depending on what part of the island they cam from.

Question 25

What are genes?

Answer 25

Genes are sections of chromosomes

Question 26

What are chromosomes?

Answer 26

Long molecules of DNA tightly wound around protein.

Question 27

What does homozygous mean?

Answer 27

When the pair of alleles are the same

Question 28

What does heterozygous mean?

Answer 28

When the pair of alleles are different

Question 29

What is a carrier?

Answer 29

An individual who has a mutation causing a genetic disorder but is not affected by it because its recessive.

Question 30

What are the effects and treatments of cystic fibrosis?

Answer 30

It effects the movement of fluid in and out of cells, causing mucus to build up in the lungs. - it causes difficulty breathing and eating, bone disease and lung infections - You can treat it through physiotherapy, massage, medication and diets

Question 31

What are the effects and treatments of sickle cell disease?

Answer 31

Mutation that alters haemoglobin meaning your red blood cells cant carry as much oxygen. - It causes sudden pain and feeling weak and tired. - you can treat it through medication and blood transfusion.