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Biology paper 2 > B10: The Human Nervous System > Flashcards

B10: The Human Nervous System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Homeostasis

A

Maintaining a constant internal environment

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2
Q

Why is homeostasis important

A

Helps maintain optimal conditions for enzyme action and cell function

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3
Q

What are the three main components in all the body’s control systems

A

Receptors, coordination centres and effectors

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4
Q

How does the nervous system work

A

It uses electrical impulses to enable you to react quickly to your surroundings

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5
Q

What do receptor cells do

A

Detect stimuli

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6
Q

Describe the process of the nervous system

A
  • Receptors pick up a stimuli
  • the impulse is sent along the sensory neurone where a synapse passes it to the relay neutron
  • The relay neurone takes the impulse through the CNS in the spinal chord where a response is triggered
  • the response is sent back along the relay neurone where it is passed by a synapse to the motor neurone
  • the motor neurone takes the impulse to the effector
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7
Q

What are reflex actions

A

Rapid automatic responses of the nervous system that do not involve conscious thought

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8
Q

State 2 things that reflex actions control

A
  • Breathing
  • Digestion
  • Avoid danger
  • Heartbeat
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9
Q

What is sympathetic nervous system

A

Controls the body’s rapid involuntary response to dangerous or stressful situations

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10
Q

What is parasympathetic nervous system

A

Conserves energy by slowing heart rate, increases gland and intestinal activity and relaxes the sphincter muscles

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11
Q

What are somatic nerves

A

Nerves that make up part of the nervous system we can control

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12
Q

What are autonomic nerves

A

Nerves that make up part of the nervous system we cannot control

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13
Q

Who you callin buthead

A

Buthead

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14
Q

What is the function of the cerebral cortex

A
  • Where the thinking happens

- controls conscious activity

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15
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus

A

Controls the activity of most other hormones in the body

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16
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland

A

Crucial in maintaining homeostasis in the body

17
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum

A

Coordinates muscular activity

18
Q

What is the role of the medulla

A

Controls unconscious activity

19
Q

What is an MRI scan

A
  • Magnetic resonance imaging
  • Uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce very detailed images of the brain, nervous system or any other region of the body
  • Safer than CT scans and it is non-invasive
20
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of an MRI scan

A 
Advantages:
- No Radiation
Disadvantages:
- Long procedure
- Claustrophobic
21
Q

What is a CT scan

A
  • Computer Tomography Scan

- uses X-Rays to take images of the body and structures inside

22
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of CT scans

A 
Advantages:
- Quick
- Less claustrophobic than an mri scan
Disadvantages:
- Uses radiation
23
Q

What is an EEG scanner

A
  • An electroencephalogram-attaches small sensors all over the scalp
  • Can be used in real time
24
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of an EEG scanner

A 
Advantages:
- Used in real time
Disadvantages:
- Doesn’t cover whole brain
- Ugly
25
Q

What can an MRI scanner detect:

A

Cancer cells, clots and abnormal blood flow

26
Q

What can a CT scan provide

A

Diagnose conditions, guide further tests or treatments, monitor conditions

27
Q

What can an EEG scanner detect

A

Epilepsy, fits and memory problems

28
Q

What is myopia

A

Short sitedness

29
Q

What is hyperopia

A

Long sitedness

30
Q

What is the function of the optic nerve

A

Carry impulses from the eye to the brain

31
Q

What is the function of the cornea

A

Refract light

32
Q

What is the function of the iris

A

Control how much light enters the pupil

33
Q

What is the function of the retina

A

To contain the light receptors and receive light

34
Q

What happens to your eyes when you walk into a dark room

A

Pupil dilates to let more light in

35
Q

What happens to your eyes when you walk into light

A

Pupil contracts to let minimal light in

36
Q

What is accommodation

A

The process of changing the shape of the lense in order for the eye to focus on near or distant objects

37
Q

What does your eye do to focus on close objects

A

Ciliary muscles contract and the suspenseful ligaments loosen so that the lenses becomes thicker

38
Q

What does your eye order to focus on a distant object

A

Ciliary muscles relax and the suspensory ligaments are pulled tight to that the lense become thin

Biology paper 2 (1 decks)

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