B10: The Human Nervous System Flashcards

(38 cards)

1
Q

What is Homeostasis

A

Maintaining a constant internal environment

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2
Q

Why is homeostasis important

A

Helps maintain optimal conditions for enzyme action and cell function

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3
Q

What are the three main components in all the body’s control systems

A

Receptors, coordination centres and effectors

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4
Q

How does the nervous system work

A

It uses electrical impulses to enable you to react quickly to your surroundings

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5
Q

What do receptor cells do

A

Detect stimuli

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6
Q

Describe the process of the nervous system

A
  • Receptors pick up a stimuli
  • the impulse is sent along the sensory neurone where a synapse passes it to the relay neutron
  • The relay neurone takes the impulse through the CNS in the spinal chord where a response is triggered
  • the response is sent back along the relay neurone where it is passed by a synapse to the motor neurone
  • the motor neurone takes the impulse to the effector
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7
Q

What are reflex actions

A

Rapid automatic responses of the nervous system that do not involve conscious thought

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8
Q

State 2 things that reflex actions control

A
  • Breathing
  • Digestion
  • Avoid danger
  • Heartbeat
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9
Q

What is sympathetic nervous system

A

Controls the body’s rapid involuntary response to dangerous or stressful situations

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10
Q

What is parasympathetic nervous system

A

Conserves energy by slowing heart rate, increases gland and intestinal activity and relaxes the sphincter muscles

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11
Q

What are somatic nerves

A

Nerves that make up part of the nervous system we can control

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12
Q

What are autonomic nerves

A

Nerves that make up part of the nervous system we cannot control

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13
Q

Who you callin buthead

A

Buthead

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14
Q

What is the function of the cerebral cortex

A
  • Where the thinking happens

- controls conscious activity

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15
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus

A

Controls the activity of most other hormones in the body

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16
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland

A

Crucial in maintaining homeostasis in the body

17
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum

A

Coordinates muscular activity

18
Q

What is the role of the medulla

A

Controls unconscious activity

19
Q

What is an MRI scan

A
  • Magnetic resonance imaging
  • Uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce very detailed images of the brain, nervous system or any other region of the body
  • Safer than CT scans and it is non-invasive
20
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of an MRI scan

A
Advantages:
- No Radiation
Disadvantages:
- Long procedure
- Claustrophobic
21
Q

What is a CT scan

A
  • Computer Tomography Scan

- uses X-Rays to take images of the body and structures inside

22
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of CT scans

A
Advantages:
- Quick
- Less claustrophobic than an mri scan
Disadvantages:
- Uses radiation
23
Q

What is an EEG scanner

A
  • An electroencephalogram-attaches small sensors all over the scalp
  • Can be used in real time
24
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of an EEG scanner

A
Advantages:
- Used in real time
Disadvantages:
- Doesn’t cover whole brain
- Ugly
25
What can an MRI scanner detect:
Cancer cells, clots and abnormal blood flow
26
What can a CT scan provide
Diagnose conditions, guide further tests or treatments, monitor conditions
27
What can an EEG scanner detect
Epilepsy, fits and memory problems
28
What is myopia
Short sitedness
29
What is hyperopia
Long sitedness
30
What is the function of the optic nerve
Carry impulses from the eye to the brain
31
What is the function of the cornea
Refract light
32
What is the function of the iris
Control how much light enters the pupil
33
What is the function of the retina
To contain the light receptors and receive light
34
What happens to your eyes when you walk into a dark room
Pupil dilates to let more light in
35
What happens to your eyes when you walk into light
Pupil contracts to let minimal light in
36
What is accommodation
The process of changing the shape of the lense in order for the eye to focus on near or distant objects
37
What does your eye do to focus on close objects
Ciliary muscles contract and the suspenseful ligaments loosen so that the lenses becomes thicker
38
What does your eye order to focus on a distant object
Ciliary muscles relax and the suspensory ligaments are pulled tight to that the lense become thin