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GCSE Biology > B10 And 11 > Flashcards

B10 And 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

Homeostasis

A

homeostasis in the regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function in response to internal and external changes.

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2
Q

What is controlled by homeostasis

A

control of blood glucose concentration
body temperature
water levels

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3
Q

Types of control systems

A

Nervous System-Electrical

Endocrince System-Hormonal/Chemical

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4
Q

Nervous Response

A

Controlled by electrical impulses that travel through the neurons

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5
Q

Chemical Response

A

Controlled by hormones travelling through the bloodstream

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6
Q

What is the nervous system made up of

A

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

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7
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Consists of brain and spinal cord

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8
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Controls involuntary actions via peripheral nerve

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9
Q

Types of neurons

A

Sensory
Relay
Motor

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10
Q

How is a neuron adapted for its function

A

Dendrites that branch out
Long Axon
Myelin Sheath for insulation

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11
Q

Path of an electrical impulse

A

Stimulus-receptor-sensory neuron-CNS-motor neuron-effector-response

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12
Q

Synapse

A

Gap between 2 neurons

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13
Q

How does an electrical impulse cross a synapse

A

Once the electrical impulse reaches the first neuron, stimulation of neurotransmitter chemicals release which bind to the second neuron and copies the message of the first neuron on to the second neuron.

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14
Q

Reflex Actions

A

Inbuilt involuntary response to a stimuli controlled by PNS

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15
Q

What is the endocrine system

A

Second coordination control system of the body consisting of glands

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16
Q

Pathway in the endocrine system

A

Gland-hormone-bloodstream-target organ-response

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17
Q

What is a hormone

A

Is a chemical produced by a gland which travels through the bloodstream and carries out a response

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18
Q

What does the pituary gland secrete

A

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
LH (leteunising hormone)
ADH (anti dieuretic hormone)

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19
Q

What does the thyroid gland secrete

A

Thyroxine

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20
Q

What do the adrenal glands secrete

A

Adrenaline

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21
Q

What does the pancreas secrete

A

Insuling and glucagon

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22
Q

What do the ovaries secrete

A

Oestregen and Progesterone

23
Q

What do the testes secrete

A

Testosterone

24
Q

What does FSH do

A

Stimulates maturation of the egg

25
Q

What does LH do

A

Stimulates ovulation of the egg

26
Q

What does thyroxine do

A

Control metabolic reactions

27
Q

What does insulin do

A

Lowers glucose levels

28
Q

What does glucagon do

A

Raises blood sugar levels to homeostatic levels

29
Q

What does adrenaline do

A

Fight or flight response

30
Q

What does oestrogen do

A

Stimulates build up of the uterus lining

31
Q

What does progesterone do

A

Maintains the uterus lining in case of egg being fertilised

32
Q

What does testosterone do

A

Controls puberty in males

33
Q

Hormones in women acronym

A

Fsh
Oestrogen
Lh
Progesterone

34
Q

What is the difference between nervous and endocrine system

A

Nervous is electrical whereas endocrine is hormonal

35
Q

Which organ detects blood sugar levels

A

Pancreas. If blood sugar is low glucagon is released if high insulin is released

36
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Where the body fails to produce enough insulin

37
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

Where the body produces insulin but no response is given

38
Q

How is type 1 diabetes caused

A

By birth or heritage

39
Q

How is type 2 diabetes caused

A

By lifestyle

40
Q

Cures of type 1 diabetes

A

Humalin a genetically engineered bacteria

Insuling pump

41
Q

Cures for type 2 diabetes

A

Drugs to enhance the effect of insulin on the body
Low carb diet
Regular exercise

42
Q

Negative feedback

A

Is an important type of control found in homeostasis. It responds to a change and tries to regulate it back to homeostatic levels

43
Q

General stages in negative feedback

A

If a level of something rises it tries to decrease it

If a level of something lowers it tries to increase it

44
Q

Conditions controlled by negative feedback

A

Thermoregulation

Blood sugar regulation (insuling when high glucagon when low)

45
Q

Thyroxine

A

Controls the rate of metabolic reactions

46
Q

Adrenaline

A

Stimulus for the fight or flight response produced in times of stress

47
Q

Effects of adrenaline

A

Increased heart rate and breathing rate for oxygen and glucose for respiration
Pupils dilate to let more light in

48
Q

Hormonal contraceptive methods

A

The pill
Contraceptive injection
The coil

49
Q

Non hormonal contraceptive methods

A

Barrier methods
Spermicides
Abstinence
Surgical methods

50
Q

Causes of infertility

A

Low sperm count
Obesity
Eating disorders
Increasing maternal age

51
Q

Which hormones are used in fertility treatment

A

FSH

LH

52
Q

Stages of IVF

A
  1. Involves giving mother fertility drugs
  2. The eggs are collected and fertilised by sperm from the father
  3. The fertilised egg is developed into embryos
  4. When the embryos mature enough they are inserted back into the mother as a normal baby would
53
Q

Disadvantages of IVF

A

Emotionally and physically stressful

The success rates are not high

GCSE Biology (3 decks)

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