B1 M2 Physics Flashcards
What are the smallest particles of matter
Atoms
Can atoms be created or destroyed during chemical reactions
no
What is the centre of an atom called
The nucleus
What 2 substances make up the nucleus
Protons and Neutrons
What would indicate the mass of an atom
Number of protons and neutrons
What is the simplest atom
Hydrogen
What is a molecule
A combination of two or more atoms
What is a compound
A combination of atoms from two or more different elements
What charge do protons have
Positive
What charge do neutrons have
They are neither positive or negative
What is the smallest sub atomic particle in an atom
Electrons
What is an element
Consists of only one kind of atom
What is chemical synthesis
The name given to the purposeful execution of chemical reactions to obtain a compound
The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called
Reactants or Reagents
What is sometimes added to a chemical reaction to increase the rate of reaction
A catalyst
What is used to decrease rate of chemical reactions
Inhibitors
What is an atomic number traditionally represented by
The letter Z
What is an isotope
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
What are the rules around electron shells
The shells are lettered from inner most (K) to outer most (Q)
How many electrons are in shells K,L,M,N
K= 2 L= 8 M= 18 N= 32
What us Pauli’s exclusion principle
2nsquared (n=1,n=2,n=3)
What is an Ionised atom
When an atom looses or gains an electron
What is a Cation
A positively charged ion
What is a Anion
A negatively charged ion
What is covalent bonding
Where electrons are shared to form molecules
What are Allotropes
Is the property of some chemicals being able to exist in two or more different forms
What is plasma
Typically an ionised gas
What is Kinetic particle theory
Explains the properties of different states of matter. Solid liquid and gasses are arranged differently and move in a different way
What are the properties of acids
- Liquids
- Solutions of compounds in water
- Tasta sour
- Turn blue litmus paper red
- Usually react with metals to form salts
- Have a PH less than 7
What are the properties of Alkalis
- Feel soapy to touch
- They can burn the skin
- Turn red litmus paper blue
- ## Taste bitter
What is the SI unit of mass
KG
What is a vector quantity
Vectors has both size and direction
What is newtons second law
F=MA
What is the lever arm/moment equasion
Moment=FD
What is the equation for torque
Torque=Force x Distance
What is the CofG equation
CG = Total Oment/Total mass
What is a Scalar Quantity
Wheras a vector quantity is defined by its magnitude and direction a scalar quantity is described by its magnitude alone
Give examples of vector quantities
Displacement, Velocity, acceleration and force
A structure can be divided into 3 individual elements when loaded. What are they
Beams, Struts and ties
A member subject to bending is known as
A beam
A member subject to compression is known as
A Strut
A member subject to tension is known as a
Tie
What are the two basic structural stresses that an aircraft is subjected to
- Tension
- Compression
What is the definition of Tension
Is a primary stress trying to pull a body apart
What is the definition of compression
Is a primary stress trying to squeeze a part together
What is the definition of shear
Shear forces try to slide a body apart i.e a rivet in an aircraft skin
What is the definition of torsion
A twisting force
What is the equation for stress
Stress = Force/Area
What is the equation for strain
Strain = Deformation of member/orginal length
What is the purpose of a strut
A strut is designed to resist longitudinal compression
What is tensile strength
Ability of a material to resist breaking under force (stretching)
Evaporation
Liquid to gas
Condensation
Gas to liquid
Melting
Solid to liquid
What is Sublimation
Solids becoming gasses with out becoming liquids first
What is Deposition
When a Gas becomes a Solid with out becoming liquid first
What is an Isobar
Places of equal atmospheric pressure
What is a Barometer used for
To measure atmospheric pressure
What is used to measure humidity
A hygrometer
What is Pascals law
Pressure in a fluid acts equally in all directions
What is Archimedes principle
A body submerged in a liquid displaces a volume of water equal to its own volume
Forces passing through a common point are said to be
Concurrent
The CofG of a triangular plate is at the intersection of
Medians from a vertex to the opposite side
The CofG of a triangle is
1/3 of the median of the base
The acceleration of a body which moves with a simple harmonic motion (SHM) is
Always directed towards a fixed point in its path
The number of radians in a semicircle is
n (Pie)
What is the best absober of thermal radiation
A dull black surface
Worn barings in a gyroscope will cause
Real drift
Procession in a gyro is
Proportional to the magnitude of torque applied
What units does specific gravity have
Specific gravity has no units
Gauge pressure is
absoloute pressure - atmospheric pressure
What equation is used to convert farrenheight to celcius
C=5/9 x (f-32)
A change of 1 degrees celcius is a change of what in farrenheight
1.8 degrees
An ideal material to be used for a heat exchanger will have a
High specific heat capacity and high conduction
Heat is measured in
Joules
Lasers which use source of light?
Coherant
The velocity of sound in air is affected by
Air temperature
