B1 M2 Physics Flashcards
What are the smallest particles of matter
Atoms
Can atoms be created or destroyed during chemical reactions
no
What is the centre of an atom called
The nucleus
What 2 substances make up the nucleus
Protons and Neutrons
What would indicate the mass of an atom
Number of protons and neutrons
What is the simplest atom
Hydrogen
What is a molecule
A combination of two or more atoms
What is a compound
A combination of atoms from two or more different elements
What charge do protons have
Positive
What charge do neutrons have
They are neither positive or negative
What is the smallest sub atomic particle in an atom
Electrons
What is an element
Consists of only one kind of atom
What is chemical synthesis
The name given to the purposeful execution of chemical reactions to obtain a compound
The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called
Reactants or Reagents
What is sometimes added to a chemical reaction to increase the rate of reaction
A catalyst
What is used to decrease rate of chemical reactions
Inhibitors
What is an atomic number traditionally represented by
The letter Z
What is an isotope
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
What are the rules around electron shells
The shells are lettered from inner most (K) to outer most (Q)
How many electrons are in shells K,L,M,N
K= 2 L= 8 M= 18 N= 32
What us Pauli’s exclusion principle
2nsquared (n=1,n=2,n=3)
What is an Ionised atom
When an atom looses or gains an electron
What is a Cation
A positively charged ion
What is a Anion
A negatively charged ion
What is covalent bonding
Where electrons are shared to form molecules
What are Allotropes
Is the property of some chemicals being able to exist in two or more different forms
What is plasma
Typically an ionised gas
What is Kinetic particle theory
Explains the properties of different states of matter. Solid liquid and gasses are arranged differently and move in a different way
What are the properties of acids
- Liquids
- Solutions of compounds in water
- Tasta sour
- Turn blue litmus paper red
- Usually react with metals to form salts
- Have a PH less than 7
What are the properties of Alkalis
- Feel soapy to touch
- They can burn the skin
- Turn red litmus paper blue
- ## Taste bitter