B1 - knowledge

Question 1

Carbohydrates ….

Answer 1

release energy.

Question 2

Fats…

Answer 2

release energy and keep us warm .

Question 3

Proteins…

Answer 3

are for growth, cell repair and cell replacement.

Question 4

Fibre…

Answer 4

keeps our digestive system healthy.

Question 5

Vitamins and minerals

Answer 5

Skin,blood,bones and everything else healthy.

Question 6

Excess Carbohydrates or Fats Lead to

Answer 6

Obesity

Question 7

(1a) Eating to little (malnutrition) causes….

(1b) Deficiency diseases are caused by…

Answer 7

(1a) - Slow growth
- fatigue
- resistance to infection
- irregular periods
(1b) Lack of vitamins and minerals. (e.g: lack of vitamin c causes scurvy- problems with skin,joints and gums.

Question 8

State two inherited factors that can affect your health :

Answer 8

• Metabolic rate

- Cholesterol levels

Question 9

How do bacteria make us feel sick?

Answer 9

• Damaging our cells

- Producing toxins

Question 10

Identify two Pros of vaccines and two Cons of vaccines:

Answer 10

Pros:
Help control infectious diseases
Epidemics can be stopped, if large population is vaccinated. 
Cons:
Vaccines don't always work
Some can have a bad reaction to vaccines

Question 11

Explain how an electrical impulse in one neurone is able to pass on to next neurone.

Answer 11

• Connection between two neurones are called synapse.
• nerve signal transferred by chemicals which diffuse across the gap.
• These chemicals then set off a new electrical signal in next neurone.

Question 12

Hormones are….

Answer 12

Chemical messengers which travel in the blood to activate target cells.

Question 13

Describe the stages of the menstrual cycle.

Answer 13

Stage 1 - Day 1 to 4, Bleeding starts, lining of uterus breaks down.
Stage 2- day 4 to 14, Lining of uterus builds up, into spongy layer, full of blood vessels ready to receive egg.
Stage 3- Day 14 An egg developed and released from ovary.
stage 4- Day 14 to 28 - if no fertilization, spongy layer breaks down. Then repeat.

Question 14

Whats does FSH hormone do and were is it produced?

Answer 14

• Causes and egg to mature in one of the ovaries
• Stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen.
• Produced in PITUITARY GLAND.

Question 15

Whats does OESTROGEN do and were is it produced?

Answer 15

• Causes pituitary to produce LH.
• Inhibits Fsh
• PRODUCED IN OVARIES

Question 16

What does LH do and were is it produced?

Answer 16

• Stimulates release of an egg

- PRODUCED IN PITUITARY GLAND

Question 17

(1a) Contraception pills do what and contain what?

(1b) What are the pros and cons of Contraception pills?

Answer 17

(1a) - Contains oestrogen or progesterone
- Contraception pills stop women from giving birth, as Oestrogen inhibits FSH.

(1b) Pros:
- Pills over 99% effective.
- Reduces risk of getting some types of cancer.
Cons:
- Not 100% effective
- Causes side affects
- No protection against STDs!!!!!!!!!

Question 18

(1a) what do fertility drugs do and contain what?

(1b) Whats are the Pros and cons?

Answer 18

(1a) - Contains FSH and LH
- Increases the chance of getting pregnant, by stimulating egg releases in ovaries.

(1b) Pros:
- Help women get pregnant when they can not.
Cons:
- Does not always work.
- Too many eggs released causing multiple births.

Question 19

Statins do what?

Answer 19

They are prescribed drugs used to lower risk of heart and circulatory diseases.

Question 20

Name two types of Performance enhancing drugs and explain what they do.

Answer 20

Anabolic steroids- Increase muscle size
and
Stimulants - increase heart rate.

Question 21

What are the ethical problems of taking sport enhancing drugs?

Answer 21

For drugs:
- Athletes have the right to make their own decisions about taking drugs.
- Drug free sport is not that fair as people have access to better training facilities in different places of the world
Against drugs:
- People gain an unfair advantage
- Athletes may not be fully informed on the risks they are going to take.

Question 22

(1a) How is air pollution measured?

(1b) How is water pollution detected?

Answer 22

(1a) Air pollution is measured by Lichens
The more the lichens the better the air condition.
(1b) Water pollution is detected by invertebrate animals such as mayfly larvae.
More mayfly larvae the cleaner the water.

Question 23

what is compost and what are the conditions needed for a compost bin.

Answer 23

A compost bin is decayed remains of animal and plant matter that can be used as a fertilizer. Recycles nutrients back into the soil. 
Needs:
warmth
aerobic conditions
moisture

Question 24

Describe the cutting process.

Answer 24

parent plant leaves cut
Cuttings kept dipped in rooting powder (hormone powder for plants)
Kept in moist conditions until ready to plant.
Cloned plant created,

Question 25

(1a) Describe the tissue culture process

(1b) What are the advantages and disadvantages.

Answer 25

(1a)Cells taken from parent plant and put in agar jelly which contain the plant hormones needed to stimulate growth. This produces a big amount of the same cloned plant.

(1b) Advantage:
Big amount produced
Quicker
Disadvantage:
Cost more

Question 26

Describe process of embryo transplant.

Answer 26

You collect a egg and fertilise it with a sperm. When it becomes an embryo (ball of specialized cells) You divide each embryo into several different cells. Each cell grows into an identical embryo in the lab. Transfer into host mothers who have been given hormones to get ready for pregnancy and identical clones are made.

Question 27

What is the disadvantages and advantages of cloning?

Answer 27

Advantages:
- Have same characteristics as cloned animal as desired.
Disadvantage:
- Less variation
- People don’t think it is ethically right.

Question 28

What was lamarcks idea of evolution?

Answer 28

If a characteristic was used a lot by an organism then it would become more developed during its life time . He believed acquired characteristics would then be passed on to next generation.

Question 29

What was darwins idea of evolution ?

Answer 29

Natural selection, caused mutation.
Caused variation
This caused the animal/human to be better adapted to environment they lived in.
This passed on to offspring as they breed.