B1 - knowledge Flashcards
Carbohydrates ….
release energy.
Fats…
release energy and keep us warm .
Proteins…
are for growth, cell repair and cell replacement.
Fibre…
keeps our digestive system healthy.
Vitamins and minerals
Skin,blood,bones and everything else healthy.
Excess Carbohydrates or Fats Lead to
Obesity
(1a) Eating to little (malnutrition) causes….
(1b) Deficiency diseases are caused by…
(1a) - Slow growth
- fatigue
- resistance to infection
- irregular periods
(1b) Lack of vitamins and minerals. (e.g: lack of vitamin c causes scurvy- problems with skin,joints and gums.
State two inherited factors that can affect your health :
- Metabolic rate
- Cholesterol levels
How do bacteria make us feel sick?
- Damaging our cells
- Producing toxins
Identify two Pros of vaccines and two Cons of vaccines:
Pros: Help control infectious diseases Epidemics can be stopped, if large population is vaccinated. Cons: Vaccines don't always work Some can have a bad reaction to vaccines
Explain how an electrical impulse in one neurone is able to pass on to next neurone.
- Connection between two neurones are called synapse.
- nerve signal transferred by chemicals which diffuse across the gap.
- These chemicals then set off a new electrical signal in next neurone.
Hormones are….
Chemical messengers which travel in the blood to activate target cells.
Describe the stages of the menstrual cycle.
Stage 1 - Day 1 to 4, Bleeding starts, lining of uterus breaks down.
Stage 2- day 4 to 14, Lining of uterus builds up, into spongy layer, full of blood vessels ready to receive egg.
Stage 3- Day 14 An egg developed and released from ovary.
stage 4- Day 14 to 28 - if no fertilization, spongy layer breaks down. Then repeat.
Whats does FSH hormone do and were is it produced?
- Causes and egg to mature in one of the ovaries
- Stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen.
- Produced in PITUITARY GLAND.
Whats does OESTROGEN do and were is it produced?
- Causes pituitary to produce LH.
- Inhibits Fsh
- PRODUCED IN OVARIES
What does LH do and were is it produced?
- Stimulates release of an egg
- PRODUCED IN PITUITARY GLAND
(1a) Contraception pills do what and contain what?
(1b) What are the pros and cons of Contraception pills?
(1a) - Contains oestrogen or progesterone
- Contraception pills stop women from giving birth, as Oestrogen inhibits FSH.
(1b) Pros:
- Pills over 99% effective.
- Reduces risk of getting some types of cancer.
Cons:
- Not 100% effective
- Causes side affects
- No protection against STDs!!!!!!!!!
(1a) what do fertility drugs do and contain what?
(1b) Whats are the Pros and cons?
(1a) - Contains FSH and LH
- Increases the chance of getting pregnant, by stimulating egg releases in ovaries.
(1b) Pros:
- Help women get pregnant when they can not.
Cons:
- Does not always work.
- Too many eggs released causing multiple births.
Statins do what?
They are prescribed drugs used to lower risk of heart and circulatory diseases.
Name two types of Performance enhancing drugs and explain what they do.
Anabolic steroids- Increase muscle size
and
Stimulants - increase heart rate.
What are the ethical problems of taking sport enhancing drugs?
For drugs:
- Athletes have the right to make their own decisions about taking drugs.
- Drug free sport is not that fair as people have access to better training facilities in different places of the world
Against drugs:
- People gain an unfair advantage
- Athletes may not be fully informed on the risks they are going to take.
(1a) How is air pollution measured?
(1b) How is water pollution detected?
(1a) Air pollution is measured by Lichens
The more the lichens the better the air condition.
(1b) Water pollution is detected by invertebrate animals such as mayfly larvae.
More mayfly larvae the cleaner the water.
what is compost and what are the conditions needed for a compost bin.
A compost bin is decayed remains of animal and plant matter that can be used as a fertilizer. Recycles nutrients back into the soil. Needs: warmth aerobic conditions moisture
Describe the cutting process.
parent plant leaves cut
Cuttings kept dipped in rooting powder (hormone powder for plants)
Kept in moist conditions until ready to plant.
Cloned plant created,
(1a) Describe the tissue culture process
(1b) What are the advantages and disadvantages.
(1a)Cells taken from parent plant and put in agar jelly which contain the plant hormones needed to stimulate growth. This produces a big amount of the same cloned plant.
(1b) Advantage: Big amount produced Quicker Disadvantage: Cost more
Describe process of embryo transplant.
You collect a egg and fertilise it with a sperm. When it becomes an embryo (ball of specialized cells) You divide each embryo into several different cells. Each cell grows into an identical embryo in the lab. Transfer into host mothers who have been given hormones to get ready for pregnancy and identical clones are made.
What is the disadvantages and advantages of cloning?
Advantages:
- Have same characteristics as cloned animal as desired.
Disadvantage:
- Less variation
- People don’t think it is ethically right.
What was lamarcks idea of evolution?
If a characteristic was used a lot by an organism then it would become more developed during its life time . He believed acquired characteristics would then be passed on to next generation.
What was darwins idea of evolution ?
Natural selection, caused mutation.
Caused variation
This caused the animal/human to be better adapted to environment they lived in.
This passed on to offspring as they breed.
