B1 Homework Flashcards - 01/10/24

Question 1

What is a solute?

Answer 1

A solid, that can dissolve into a liquid.

Question 2

What is a solvent?

Answer 2

A liquid, that a solute can dissolve into.

Question 3

What factors can affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 3

The temperature, surface area and concentration gradient etc.

Question 4

What is diffusion?

Answer 4

Diffusion is the NET movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, DOWN a concentration gradient.

Question 5

Why is diffusion necessary for cells in the human body?

Answer 5

Particles may be needed elsewhere in the body at certain points. They may also be unrequired and to be disposed of; this allows particles to quickly move across cell membranes to where necessary.
Diffusion is also the process by which gas exchange takes place in the body, being a vital process.

Question 6

What are some examples of substances that move into cells?

Answer 6

Glucose (sugars), oxygen - for respiration

Question 7

What are some examples of substances that move out of cells?

Answer 7

CO2 (gases), urea etc.

Question 8

What is osmosis?

Answer 8

Osmosis is the net movement of a solvent from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution, across a partially - permeable membrane.

Question 9

What is a hypotonic solution?

Answer 9

A solution in which the concentration of solute is lower outside the cell, relative to the concentration inside.

Question 10

What is an isotonic solution?

Answer 10

A solution in which the concentration of solute outside the cell is equal to the concentration of solute inside the cell.

Question 11

What is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 11

A solution in which the concentration of solute is higher outside the cell, relative to the concentration of solute inside.

Question 12

The process by which animal cells take in water from dilute solutions and burst

Answer 12

Lysis - cells become lysed

Question 13

The process by which animal cells lose water to a more concentrated solution and shrivel

Answer 13

Crenation - cells become crenated

Question 14

When the solution surrounding a plant cell is more dilute, the cell…

Answer 14

Takes in water, causing the vacuole to swell.
This causes high ‘turgor pressure’ and cells are turgid.
The plant will be rigid.

Question 15

When the solution surrounding a plant cell is more concentrated, the cell…

Answer 15

The plant will lose water, causing the vacuole to shrivel.
This causes low ‘turgor pressure’ and cells are flaccid.
The plant will wilt.

Question 16

The process by which a plant cell loses too much water, causing the cell membrane to pull away from the cell wall

Answer 16

Plasmolysis

Question 17

What is active transport?

Answer 17

Active transport is the movement of particles from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration across a partially - permeable membrane, against the concentration gradient. The particles are transported by the help of carrier proteins.