B1-DNA And Genes Flashcards
What are the 2 types of cells?
Cells are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
In both cells genetic material is stored differently. In eukaryotic cells, genetic material is stored in the nucleus whereas in prokaryotic cells genetic material are either in the form of plasmids or nucleoid.
What is an example of a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?
An example of a prokaryotic cell is a bacteria cell.
An example of a eukaryotic cell is a plant or animal cell.
What are some features that a plant has that an animal cell doesn’t?
A plant cell has:
-A rigid cell wall
-A vacuole
-Chloroplast
What is the genome?
A genome is the entire genetic material of an organism.
How are genetic material stored in the nucleus of animal and plant cells?
Genetic material is arranged into chromosomes in the nucleus.
What is a chromosome?
A chromosome is a long molecule of DNA thats coiled up.
What is DNA made up of?
DNA is a polymer made of small, repeating units monomers called nucleotides.
What is the structure of DNA?
A DNA molecule has 2 strands which form a double helix.
What is a gene?
A gene is a short section of DNA.
What does each gene code for?
Each gene codes for a particular sequence of amino acids.
What are alleles?
Alleles are different versions of the same gene.
What is a genotype?
A genotype is the combination of alleles an organism has for each gene.
What is a phenotype?
A phenotype is the characteristics that an organism displays.
What are the 4 different nucleotides that are found in DNA?
The 4 different nucleotides in DNA are:
-Adenine(A)
-Thymine(T)
-Cytosine(C)
-Guanine(G)
What is the complementary pairing on the nucleotides?
A pairs with T and C pairs with G.
What are proteins made of?
Proteins are made of amino acids.
Define Homozygous.
Homozygous is when you have 2 alleles that are the same.
Define heterozygous.
Heterozygous is when you have 2 different alleles.
What chromosomes do females and males have?
Females-XX
Males-XY
What are drawbacks to genetic testing?
1-Discrimination- People may discriminate against people who are genetically likely to get a disease.
2-Increased Stress- If someone is likely to get a disease they may panic a lot.
What is genetic engineering?
Genetic Engineering is transferring a gene from the genome of one organism to the genome of another.
How does Genetic Engineering work?
1- A useful gene is isolated and replicated.
2- Each copy is inserted into a vector.
3- The vector is then mixed with other cells.
4- The cell that has been modified needs to be identified and selected.
5- The selected cells are then allowed to replicate.
Give one way genetic engineering is useful in agriculture.
Crops can be genetically modified to be resisted to herbicides. This increases crop yield.
