B1-DNA And Genes

Question 1

What are the 2 types of cells?

Answer 1

Cells are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

Question 2

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 2

In both cells genetic material is stored differently. In eukaryotic cells, genetic material is stored in the nucleus whereas in prokaryotic cells genetic material are either in the form of plasmids or nucleoid.

Question 3

What is an example of a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 3

An example of a prokaryotic cell is a bacteria cell.
An example of a eukaryotic cell is a plant or animal cell.

Question 4

What are some features that a plant has that an animal cell doesn’t?

Answer 4

A plant cell has:
-A rigid cell wall
-A vacuole
-Chloroplast

Question 5

What is the genome?

Answer 5

A genome is the entire genetic material of an organism.

Question 6

How are genetic material stored in the nucleus of animal and plant cells?

Answer 6

Genetic material is arranged into chromosomes in the nucleus.

Question 7

What is a chromosome?

Answer 7

A chromosome is a long molecule of DNA thats coiled up.

Question 8

What is DNA made up of?

Answer 8

DNA is a polymer made of small, repeating units monomers called nucleotides.

Question 9

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 9

A DNA molecule has 2 strands which form a double helix.

Question 10

What is a gene?

Answer 10

A gene is a short section of DNA.

Question 11

What does each gene code for?

Answer 11

Each gene codes for a particular sequence of amino acids.

Question 12

What are alleles?

Answer 12

Alleles are different versions of the same gene.

Question 13

What is a genotype?

Answer 13

A genotype is the combination of alleles an organism has for each gene.

Question 14

What is a phenotype?

Answer 14

A phenotype is the characteristics that an organism displays.

Question 15

What are the 4 different nucleotides that are found in DNA?

Answer 15

The 4 different nucleotides in DNA are:
-Adenine(A)
-Thymine(T)
-Cytosine(C)
-Guanine(G)

Question 16

What is the complementary pairing on the nucleotides?

Answer 16

A pairs with T and C pairs with G.

Question 17

What are proteins made of?

Answer 17

Proteins are made of amino acids.

Question 18

Define Homozygous.

Answer 18

Homozygous is when you have 2 alleles that are the same.

Question 19

Define heterozygous.

Answer 19

Heterozygous is when you have 2 different alleles.

Question 20

What chromosomes do females and males have?

Answer 20

Females-XX
Males-XY

Question 21

What are drawbacks to genetic testing?

Answer 21

1-Discrimination- People may discriminate against people who are genetically likely to get a disease.
2-Increased Stress- If someone is likely to get a disease they may panic a lot.

Question 22

What is genetic engineering?

Answer 22

Genetic Engineering is transferring a gene from the genome of one organism to the genome of another.

Question 23

How does Genetic Engineering work?

Answer 23

1- A useful gene is isolated and replicated.
2- Each copy is inserted into a vector.
3- The vector is then mixed with other cells.
4- The cell that has been modified needs to be identified and selected.
5- The selected cells are then allowed to replicate.

Question 24

Give one way genetic engineering is useful in agriculture.

Answer 24

Crops can be genetically modified to be resisted to herbicides. This increases crop yield.