B1 -- Classification

Question 1

how do scientists classify organisms?

Answer 1

k--kingdom
p--phylum
c--class
o--order
f--family
g--genus
s--species

Question 2

what are the characteristics of Animals?

Answer 2

Heterotrophs
Multicellular
No cell wall
No chlorophyll

Question 3

what are the characteristics of Plants?

Answer 3

Autotrophs
Multicellular
Cell wall
Chlorophyll

Question 4

what are the characteristics of Fungi?

Answer 4

Saprophytes
Multicellular
Cell wall
No chlorophyll

Question 5

what are the characteristics of Protoctists?

Answer 5

Unicellular
Nucleus
Algae

Question 6

what are the characteristics of Prokaryotes?

Answer 6

Unicellular
No nucleus
Bacteria

Question 7

Why don’t scientists classify viruses as living organisms?

Answer 7

They can’t survive on their own, they have no regular cell properties and they can’t do all the life processes.

Question 8

What is the phylum Chordata?

Answer 8

They are animals with a supporting rod-like structure/backbone.

Question 9

What are the characteristics of Mammals?

Answer 9

Viviporus, Homeotherms, Lungs

Question 10

What are the characteristics of Reptiles?

Answer 10

oviporus, Poikilotherms, Lings

Question 11

What are the characteristics of Fish?

Answer 11

oviporus, Poikilotherms, gills

Question 12

What are the characteristics of Amphibians?

Answer 12

oviporus, Poikilotherms, lungs or skin

Question 13

What are the characteristics of Bird?

Answer 13

oviporus, Homeotherms, lungs

Question 14

Why don’t some newly discovered species fit into any of these categories?

Answer 14

It might be classed as a mammal but lay eggs which mammals don’t do.

Question 15

What is the definition of species and to whom does it not apply?

Answer 15

Species are organisms that produce fertile offspring.

Some organisms don’t alway reproduce sexually (asexual reproduction) and some hybrids are fertile.

Question 16

How is accurate classification complicated by variation within a species e.g.dogs.

Answer 16

breeds of dogs look very different but are all part of the same species.

Question 17

How is accurate classification complicated by hybridisation in ducks?

Answer 17

If a male and female from different species breed, they can produce a hybrid which is fertile.

Question 18

How is accurate classification complicated by Ring Species?

Answer 18

Populations that live close to each other can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
Populations that live further apart can’t.

Red – orange – green – blue
red and orange can breed
but red and blue can’t

Question 19

What do the first and second part in a binomial system stand for?

Answer 19

1st part = Genus———always has capital letter
2nd part = Species

e.g. Homo sapiens
Homo = genus
Sapiens = Species

Question 20

What are the 4 things that Binomial Systems are needed for?

Answer 20

Identify, study and conserve species.

Target conservation efforts.

Question 21

How are bacteria adapted to live in Deep Sea Hydrothermal Vents?
Name the conditions in your answer.

Answer 21

Bacteria near these vents use chemical energy to make their food through chemosynthesis.

They are adapted to the high temperatures and pressures near the vents.

Question 22

How are polar bears adapted to live in the polar regions?

Answer 22

• -small surface area
• -blubber for insulation
• -big feet spreads weight
• -thick, greasy fur for layer of warm air
• -white fur for camouflage

Question 23

How are penguins adapted to live in the polar regions?

Answer 23

• -insulting fat
• -oily feathers, don’t mix with the water
• -streamlined, which reduces their water resistance

Question 24

What occurs in Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection?

Answer 24

There is variation within a species.

There is over production within a species.

There is a struggle for survival and the animals compete with each other for natural resources.

Those that are better adapted to the environment they are in have an advantageous characteristic.

These individuals are more likely to survive and pass on this advantageous characteristic.

There is a gradual change, where eventually all the organisms in the species have the advantageous characteristic.

Question 25

What is continuous and discontinuous variation?

Give examples

Answer 25

Continuous Variation is when there are no distinct categories. e.g. height——-normal distribution curve.

Discontinuous Variation is when there are distinct categories. e.g. eye colour

Question 26

What is the role of the scientific community?

Answer 26

They validate new evidence, peer review other scientists work so it can be accepted and they have scientific conferences.

Question 27

What are alleles?

Answer 27

They are alternative forms of a gene.

Question 28

What is a dominant and recessive allele?

Answer 28

A dominant allele is the stronger one and is the characteristic shown ( if a person has brown eyes they have a dominant allele for brown eyes).

A recessive allele is the weaker one.

Question 29

What is homozygous and heterozygous.?

Answer 29

Homozygous is when the two alleles for a gene are the same.

Heterozygous is when the tow alleles for a gene are different.

Question 30

What do phenotype and genotype mean?

Answer 30

Phenotype is the actual characteristic you have (face).

Genotype is what alleles you have.

Question 31

What is sickle cell disease and what are its symptoms?

Answer 31

It is when the blood cells are moon shaped/sickle-shaped.

• tiredness
• painful joints and muscles
• fever
• anaemia

Question 32

What is cystic fibrosis and what are its symptoms?

Answer 32

It is when there is thick, sticky mucus in the air passages, gut and pancreas.

• breathing difficulties
• lung infections
• malnutrition
• fertility problems

Question 33

Write down or think of everything yo remember in B1.

Answer 33

Have you missed anything?

Write yourself a note to go over the things you’re unsure about or mark them not confident etc.