B1 Cells (Page 11) Flashcards
What are Organisms?
All living things
(an individual animal, plant or single-celled life form)
Cells can be either…….(finish the sentence)
Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes
All living things are made of what?
cells.
What are Eukaryotic cells?
they are complex and include all animal and plant cells.
What are Prokaryotic cells?
they are smaller and simpler.
e.g. bacteria
What are Eukaryotes?
they are organisms that are made up of eukaryotic cells.
What is a Prokaryote?
it is a cell, (it’s a single-celled organism)
The different parts of a cell are called what?
subcellular structures.
Most animal cells have subcellular structures, name them? (you need to know them all)
1) Nucleus
2) Cytoplasm
3) Cell membrane
4) Mitochrondria
5) Ribosomes
Describe what the Nucleus is in an animal cell?
Neculeus - contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell.
Describe what the Cytoplasm is in an animal cell?
Cytoplasm - a gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes (see page 25) that control these chemical reactions.
Describe what the Cell membrane is in an animal cell?
Cell membrane - holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.
Describe what the Mitrochrondria is in an animal cell?
Mitochrondria - these are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place (see page 55). Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work.
Describe what Ribosomes are in an animal cell?
Ribosomes - these are where proteins are made in the cell.
See diagram on page 11.
Plant cells usually have all the bits that animal cells have, plus a few extra things that animal cells don’t have. please list them?
1) Cell wall
2) Permanent vacuole
3) Chloroplasts
Describe what the Cell Wall is in plant cells?
Rigid Cell Wall - made of cellulose. It supports the cell and strenghtens it
(cellulose is a tough, fibrous, and water-insoluble polysaccharide, that plays an inergral role in keeping the structure of the plant cell walls stable).
Describe what Permenant Vacuole is, in plant cells?
Permenant Vacuole - contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts
Describe what Chloroplasts is, in a plant cell?
Chloroplasts - these are where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant (see page 50). They contain a green substance called Chlorophyll, which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis.
See diagram on page 11.
Bacteria cells are Prokaryotes, they are much smaller. Describe what the cell contains?
1) Cytoplasm
2) Cell membrane
3) Cell wall
4) Single circular strand of DNA - that floats freely in the cytoplasm.
5) They may also contain one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids.
See diagram on page 11.
True or False?
Bateria don’t have chloroplasts or mitochrondria?
True
Give two differences in structure between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Any two from:
Prokarotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells (1 mark)
Prokaryotic cells don’t have mitochrondria but eukaryotic cells do (1 mark)
Prokaryotic cells dont have a true nucleus but eukaryotic cells do (1 mark).
Prokaryotic cells have circular DNA but eukaryotic cells don’t (1 mark)
If you get asked to estimate the area of a subcellular structure in your exam, what is the best way to do this?
treat it as a regular shape.
For example, if it’s close to a rectangle, use the area formula
‘area = length x width’
