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Year 9 GCSE Biology Flashcards > B1. Cells, microscope and specialised cells > Flashcards

B1. Cells, microscope and specialised cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

The outer layer of a plant cell, gives strength and supprt

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2
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A
  • Controls the cell - Contains the genetic information called DNA
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3
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

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4
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Site of protein synthesis

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5
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

Site of respiration (release of energy from food)

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6
Q

What is the function of chloroplast?

A

Contains chlorophyll, site of photosynthesis

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7
Q

What is the function of the large permanent vacuole?

A

Stores cell sap

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8
Q

In which type of cell would you find a cell wall?

A

Plant cell only

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9
Q

In which type of cell would you find ribsomes

A

Both animal and plant cells have ribosomes

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10
Q

Name 2 differences between plant cells and animal cells

A

Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts whereas an animal cell does not.

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11
Q

What part of the animal cell is labelled A in the diagram?

A

Nucleus

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12
Q

What part of the animal cell is labelled B in the diagram?

A

Cytoplasm

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13
Q

What part of the animal cell is labelled C in the diagram?

A

Cell membrane

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14
Q

What part of the animal cell is labelled D in the diagram?

A

Mitochondrion

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15
Q

The diagram shows an unlablled plant cell. What is label A?

A

Cellulose cell wall

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16
Q

The diagram shows an unlablled plant cell. What is label B?

A

Chloroplasts

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17
Q

The diagram shows an unlablled plant cell. What is label C?

A

Large permanent vacuole

18
Q

The diagram shows an unlablled plant cell. What is label D?

A

Nucleus

19
Q

The diagram shows an unlablled plant cell. What is label E?

A

Cytoplasm

20
Q

The diagram shows an unlablled plant cell. What is label F?

A

Cell membrane

21
Q

The diagram shows an unlablled plant cell. What is label G?

A

Mitochondria

22
Q

How do you calculate total magnification

A

Total magnification = Eyepiece lens x objective lens

23
Q

Define the term resolution

A

Resolution is the ability to distinguish between two separate points in an image

24
Q

Define the word ‘magnification’

A

Magnification is how much bigger an image is compared to it’s actual size. Can be calculated by using the IAM triangle.

25
Q

What type of microscope could be used for viewing for small organelles e.g. ribosomes?

A

Electron microscope

26
Q

What type of DNA do prokaryotic cells have?

A

1 circular chromosome, NOT enclosed by a nucleus.

27
Q

What type of DNA do eukaryotic cells have?

A

Many linear chromosomes enclosed by a nucleus.

28
Q

How are sperm cells adapted for their function?

A

● Streamlined head and long tail to aid swimming. ● Many mitochondria (where respiration happens) which supply the energy to allow the cell to move. ● The acrosome (top of the head) has digestive enzymes which break down the outer layers of membrane of the egg cell.

29
Q

How are nerve cells adapted for their function?

A

● The axon is long, enabling the impulses to be carried along long distances ● Having lots of extensions from the cell body (called dendrites) means branched connections can form with other nerve cells ● The nerve endings have many mitochondria which supply the energy to make special transmitter chemicals called neurotransmitters. These allow the impulse to be passed from one cell to another.

30
Q

How are muscle cells adapted for their function?

A

● Special proteins slide over each other, causing the muscle to contract ● Lots of mitochondria to provide energy from respiration for contraction ● They can store a chemical called glycogen that is used in respiration by mitochondria.

31
Q

How are root hair cells adapted for their function?

A

● Have a large surface area due to root hairs, meaning more water can be absorbed by osmosis. ● The large permanent vacuole affects the speed of movement of water from the soil to the cell. ● Have mitochondria to provide energy from respiration for the active transport of mineral ions into the root hair cell.

32
Q

How are xylem cells adapted for their function?

A

● Xylem cells hollow and are joined end-to-end to form a continuous tube so water and mineral ions can move through. ● Lignin is deposited in spirals which helps the cell walls which help withstand the pressure from the movement of water.

33
Q

How are phloem cells adapted for their function?

A

● Cell walls of each phloem cell form structures called sieve plates when they break down, allowing the movement of substances from cell to cell. ● Have few organelles so food can move faster. ● Have a companion cell with mitochondria to supply energy.

34
Q

What is the function of sperm cells?

A

Sperm cells contain a nucleus with half the DNA (23 chromosomes). Sperm cells fertilise the egg cell during sexual reproduction.

35
Q

What is the function of nerve cells?

A

Transmits electrical impulses.

36
Q

What is the function of muscle cells?

A

They are specialised to absorb water by osmosis and mineral ions by active transport from the soil.

37
Q

What is the function of xylem cells in a plant?

A

They are specialised to transport water and mineral ions up the plant from the roots to the shoots.

38
Q

What is the function of phloem cells in a plant?

A

Transports food (by translocation) from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

39
Q

How do you convert mm to μm?

A

x1000

40
Q

Convert 35mm into μm

A

35mm x 1000 = 35,000μm

41
Q

Convert 4.7mm to μm

A

4.7 x 1000 = 4700μm

42
Q

Name 2 difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

A
  • Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, eukaryotic cells do.
  • Prokaryotic cells do not have any membrane bound ribosomes, eukaryotic cells do.
  • Prokaryotic cells have smaller ribosomes to those in eukaryotic cells.

Year 9 GCSE Biology Flashcards (1 decks)

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