B1 Cells And Organisation Flashcards
What are the two main types of cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
What defines eukaryotic cells?
They have a nucleus storing genetic material
Examples of Eukaryotic cells
Animal and plant cells
What defines prokaryotic cells?
No nucleus, smaller and simpler structure
Examples of prokaryotic cells?
Bacteria cells
What is the function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?
Is where the DNA is kept and controls cell activities
Role of cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells?
Where chemical reactions happen
Function of cell membrane?
Controls what enters and exits
Purpose of mitochondria?
Site of aerobic respiration, releasing energy
Where are proteins made?
Ribosomes
Whats unique about a plant cell?
Cell wall, large vacuole and chloroplasts
Composition and function of plant cell wall?
Made of celluose, provides support and structure
Function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
Site of photosynthesis
Function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
Site of photosynthesis
Difference between plant and animal cells?
Animal cells do not have cell walls or chloroplasts
What is unique about DNA in prokaryotic cells
Singular circular DNA strand no nucleus
What are plasmids?
Small rings of additional dna in bacteria
What is diffusion?
Movement of particles from a high to low concentration
What is active transport?
Movement of particles from low to high concentration using energy
Does diffusion require energy?
No it is a PASSIVE process
Does active transport require energy?
Yes
Give an example of diffusion in cells
Oxygen diffuses into cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out
What is osmosis?
Movement of water across a semi permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration
Why is osmosis important to cells?
It helps maintain a balance of water and cell hydration
What happens to a cell in a HYPOtonic solution?
Water enters the cell causing it to swell
What happens to a cell in a HYPERtonic solution?
Water leaves the cell causing it to shrink
Why is active transport important for cells?
It allows cells to absorb nutrients and remove waste efficiently
What is a semi permeable membrane?
A barrier that allows certsin substances to go through while blocking others
