B1 - Cells

Question 1

eukaryotic

Answer 1

cell with a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

Question 2

Prokaryotic

Answer 2

Cell without a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles

Question 3

Specialised Cell

Answer 3

A cell that is adapted to its specific function

• Many Mitochondria
• Lots of ribosomes
• Large surface area

Question 4

Resolution

Answer 4

Ability to distinguish between two points

Question 5

Magnification

Answer 5

The number of times larger the image appears than it is

Image size/Actual Size
Objective lens x Eye piece lens

Question 6

Parts of Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 6

Both Plant and Animal :
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Ribosome
- Mitochondria
- Cell Membrane

Plant only :
- Chloroplast
- Vacuole
- Cell Wall

Question 7

Bacterial cell

Answer 7

Prokaryotic
Flagellum
Plasmid DNA - contains genes
Chromosomal DNA - found loose in cytoplasm (no nucleus)

Question 8

Units ands Conversion rates

Answer 8

Centi - 10^-2 - 0.01
Milli - 10^-3 - 0.001
Micro - 10^-6 - 0.000001
Nano - 10^-9 - 0.000000001
Pico - 10^-12 - 0.000000000001

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

Controls cell activities
This is where chromosomes are found

Question 10

Cell membrane

Answer 10

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 11

Cytoplasm

Answer 11

Where chemical reactions occur

Question 12

Mitochondria

Answer 12

Respiration takes place to release energy

Question 13

Ribosome

Answer 13

Where protein synthesis takes place

Question 14

Chloroplast

Answer 14

Where photosynthesis takes place

Question 15

Cell wall

Answer 15

Provided support and structure for the cell

Question 16

Vacuole

Answer 16

To support and store cell sap

Question 17

What does a semi-permeable membrane do

Answer 17

Controls what enters and leaves

Question 18

What is diffusion

Answer 18

This is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 19

Factors that affect diffusion

Answer 19

Concentration difference
Temperature
Distance to travel
Surface area

Question 20

What is osmosis

Answer 20

The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 21

Percentage change for osmosis transfer

Answer 21

( (Change in mass)/ initial mass ) x 100

Question 22

What is active transport

Answer 22

The movement of substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
This requires energy (mitochondria)

Question 23

What is an Enzyme

Answer 23

A biological catalyst
Breaks down substances so they can be absorbed

Question 24

What is a Catalyst

Answer 24

Speeds up the breakdown or synthesis of molecules

Question 25

What is an substrate

Answer 25

The substances that the enzyme breaks down

Question 26

What is a product

Answer 26

The substances that are produced

Question 27

What is the active site

Answer 27

Where the substrate fits at the start of the reaction
(Substrate specific)

Question 28

What is denaturing

Answer 28

When the active site changes shape, and the substrate no longer fits

Question 29

What does optimum mean

Answer 29

This is when enzyme activity is at its best

Question 30

Breakdown process of Protein

Answer 30

Broken down by protease and turn into amino acids

Question 31

Breakdown process of Starch

Answer 31

Broken down by amylase, into glucose molecules

Question 32

Breakdown process of lipids

Answer 32

Broken down by lipase, into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 33

Lock and Key Mechanism

Answer 33

3D protein made up from amino acids

Question 34

Factors that affect enzymes activity

Answer 34

Temperature
PH
Concentration of substrates available