B1: CELLS

Question 1

what is the equation for magnification

Answer 1

Image size/actual size

Question 2

what do procaryotes contain

Answer 2

loops of dna, flagella,robosomes and plasmids

Question 3

what happens during mitosis

Answer 3

cell grows
Genetic material is duplicated and cell grows and copies mitochondria and ribosomes
sets of chromosomes move to different sides of the cell
and nucleus divides
cell divides producing two genetically identical daughter cells and cytoplasm divides

Question 4

where are stem cells located

Answer 4

bone marrow

Question 5

what can stem cells only differentiation into

Answer 5

blood cells

Question 6

Sperm cells adaptations

Answer 6

tail to swim
lots of mitochondria for respiratoion

Question 7

adaptions of red blood cells

Answer 7

no nucleus - more room to carry oxygen
haemoglobin so oxygen can bind to it
flat biconcaved shape - increase surface area

Question 8

adaptions of muscle cells

Answer 8

fibres - contract and relax to change shape of cell
lots of mitochondria for respiration

Question 9

adaptions of nerve cells

Answer 9

dendrites - makes connections to other neurons
myelin sheath - insulates axon to increase transmission speed of the electrical impulses

Question 10

adaptions of root hair cells

Answer 10

Lots of mitochondria for active transport
Large SA for absorbtion

Question 11

adaptions of palisade cell

Answer 11

lots of chloroplasts containing chlorophyll for absorbing sunlight
Located at the top of the leaf where it can absorb the most light

Question 12

whats the function of the red blood cell

Answer 12

transport oxygen around the body

Question 13

whats the function of sperm cell

Answer 13

fertilize the egg

Question 14

whats the function of a muscle cell

Answer 14

contracts and relaxes for movement

Question 15

whats the function of nerve cell

Answer 15

carry electrical impulses around the body

Question 16

whats the function of root hair cell

Answer 16

absorb minerals and water form the soil#

Question 17

whats the function of xylem

Answer 17

to transport water and mineral ions

Question 18

adaptions of xylem

Answer 18

thick walls of lignin(strength and support)
long hollow tube so water and minerals go flow easily (lose end walls)
no internal structures

Question 19

adaptions of phloem

Answer 19

phloem vessel cells and sieve plates allow dissolved sugars to move through the cell
companion cell - provide energy to the phloem vessel cell

Question 20

how do you do the practical for osmosis

Answer 20

cut identical cylinders of the peeled potatoes
weigh each potato and put them into test tubes with different sugar concentration solution
remove them a day later and reweigh the potatoes
calculate the percentage change by doing final mass - initial mass/initial mass x 100
plot the percentages against sugar concentration when it crosses the x axis it shows its the same concentration inside the potato

Question 21

why would you calculate percentage change in the osmosis practical

Answer 21

if you are not able to make the starting mass of the potatoes the same you can find the percentage change to control the starting mass