B1: CELLS Flashcards
what is the equation for magnification
Image size/actual size
what do procaryotes contain
loops of dna, flagella,robosomes and plasmids
what happens during mitosis
cell grows
Genetic material is duplicated and cell grows and copies mitochondria and ribosomes
sets of chromosomes move to different sides of the cell
and nucleus divides
cell divides producing two genetically identical daughter cells and cytoplasm divides
where are stem cells located
bone marrow
what can stem cells only differentiation into
blood cells
Sperm cells adaptations
tail to swim
lots of mitochondria for respiratoion
adaptions of red blood cells
no nucleus - more room to carry oxygen
haemoglobin so oxygen can bind to it
flat biconcaved shape - increase surface area
adaptions of muscle cells
fibres - contract and relax to change shape of cell
lots of mitochondria for respiration
adaptions of nerve cells
dendrites - makes connections to other neurons
myelin sheath - insulates axon to increase transmission speed of the electrical impulses
adaptions of root hair cells
Lots of mitochondria for active transport
Large SA for absorbtion
adaptions of palisade cell
lots of chloroplasts containing chlorophyll for absorbing sunlight
Located at the top of the leaf where it can absorb the most light
whats the function of the red blood cell
transport oxygen around the body
whats the function of sperm cell
fertilize the egg
whats the function of a muscle cell
contracts and relaxes for movement
whats the function of nerve cell
carry electrical impulses around the body
whats the function of root hair cell
absorb minerals and water form the soil#
whats the function of xylem
to transport water and mineral ions
adaptions of xylem
thick walls of lignin(strength and support)
long hollow tube so water and minerals go flow easily (lose end walls)
no internal structures
adaptions of phloem
phloem vessel cells and sieve plates allow dissolved sugars to move through the cell
companion cell - provide energy to the phloem vessel cell
how do you do the practical for osmosis
cut identical cylinders of the peeled potatoes
weigh each potato and put them into test tubes with different sugar concentration solution
remove them a day later and reweigh the potatoes
calculate the percentage change by doing final mass - initial mass/initial mass x 100
plot the percentages against sugar concentration when it crosses the x axis it shows its the same concentration inside the potato
why would you calculate percentage change in the osmosis practical
if you are not able to make the starting mass of the potatoes the same you can find the percentage change to control the starting mass
