B1- cells

Question 1

What is biology?

Answer 1

It is the study of living things which are often called organisms.

Question 2

What are the seven features of organisms that differentiate them from inanimate objects?

Answer 2

Movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, and nutrition.

Question 3

What is movement?

Answer 3

All organisms move to some extent animals can move their body from one place to another while plants move parts of themselves.

Question 4

What is respiration?

Answer 4

Glucose and other substances are broken down inside their cells, to release energy that they can use.

Question 5

What is sensitivity?

Answer 5

Your body has the ability to pick up information from your environment and react to the changes, to detect or send stimuli.

Question 6

What is growth?

Answer 6

All organisms begin small and get larger by the growth of their cells and by adding new cells to their bodies.

Question 7

What is nutrition?

Answer 7

Organisms take substances from their environment and use them to provide energy and the materials to make new cells.Plants require light carbon dioxide water and ions animals need organic compounds and ions and usually need water.

Question 8

What is excretion?

Answer 8

All organisms produce unwanted and toxic products as a result of their metabolic reactions and these must be removed from the body.

Question 9

What is reproduction?

Answer 9

The processes that make more of the same kind of organism.

Question 10

What are cells?

Answer 10

Cells are basic units of life

Question 11

How does a light microscope work?

Answer 11

It shines light through the piece of animal or plant you’re looking at it uses glass lenses to magnify and focus the image.

Question 12

How many times can a good light microscope magnify?

Answer 12

x1500

Question 13

What is a micrograph?

Answer 13

A micrograph is a picture made using a microscope.

Question 14

What is a photo micrograph?

Answer 14

It is a picture made using a light microscope.

Question 15

How does an electron microscope work?

Answer 15

It uses a beam of electrons instead of light and magnify up to 500,000 times.

Question 16

What are pictures made using an electron microscope called?

Answer 16

Electron micrographs.

Question 17

How do you calculate magnification?

Answer 17

Magnification= size in drawing or photograph/ size of the real object

Question 18

How do you calculate the actual size of the object.

Answer 18

Actual length= size in drawing or photograph/ magnification. Cross check= answer * magnification= size in drawing or photograph

Question 19

What is a cell membrane?

Answer 19

The cell membrane is a very thin layer of protein and fat it is very important to the cell because it controls what goes in and out of it it is partially permeable which means that it allow some substances through but not others.

Question 20

What does the cell membrane contain?

Answer 20

Inside the cell membrane is a jelly-like substance called cytoplasm in which are found many small structures called organelles.

Question 21

Why can’t you see the nucleus in a plant cell?

Answer 21

In a plant cell the nucleus is very difficult to see because it is right against the cell wall.

Question 22

What are plant cells surrounded by?

Answer 22

All plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall made mainly of cellulose paper which is made from cell walls is also made of cellulose.

Question 23

What is cellulose?

Answer 23

Cellulose belongs to a group of substances called polysaccharides they form fibers that criss cross over one another to form a very strong covering to the plant cell.

Question 24

How do cell wall help plant cells?

Answer 24

It helps to protect and support the cell if the cell absorbs a lot of water and swells the cell wall stops it from bursting because of the spaces between fibers even very large molecules are able to go through the cellulose cell wall it is therefore said to be fully permeable.

Question 25

What is the main constituent of cytoplasm?

Answer 25

Water, it is nearly all water; about 70% is water in many cells.

Question 26

What takes place in cytoplasm?

Answer 26

Many substances are dissolved in it especially proteins many different metabolic reactions (the chemical reactions of Life) take place in the cytoplasm.

Question 27

What are vacuoles?

Answer 27

A vacuole is a space in a cell surrounded by a cell membrane and containing a solution plant cells have very large vacuoles which contain a solution of sugars and other substances called cell sap.

Question 28

How does a vacuole help the cell?

Answer 28

A full vacuole presses outwards on the rest of the cell and helps to keep it in shape.

Question 29

What are vesicles?

Answer 29

Animal cells have much smaller membrane-bound spaces called vesicles which make contain nutrients or water.

Question 30

Do animal cells contain starch grains?

Answer 30

Animal cells never contain starch grains some animal cells however do have granules tiny grains of another substance similar to starch gold glycogen these granules are found in the cytoplasm not inside chloroplasts.

Question 31

What is stored in the nucleus?

Answer 31

The nucleus is where the genetic information is stored.

Question 32

Where is the information kept on?

Answer 32

The information is kept on the chromosomes which are inherited from the organism’s parents the chromosomes are made up of DNA.

Question 33

Why can chromosomes be seen only when a cell is dividing?

Answer 33

Because chromosomes are very long and thin and cannot be seen even when using an electron microscope however when the cell is dividing the become short and thick and can be seen with a good light microscope.

Question 34

Where are root hair cells found?

Answer 34

They are found near the ends of plant roots.

Question 35

What is the function of root hair cells?

Answer 35

They absorb water and mineral salts.

Question 36

What does a palisade mesophyll cell do?

Answer 36

It is where the photosynthesis takes place.

Question 37

Where is palisade mesophyll cell located?

Answer 37

Beneath the epidermis of a leaf

Question 38

Where are red blood cells found?

Answer 38

In the blood of mammals.

Question 39

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 39

They transport oxygen.

Question 40

Where are sperm and egg cells found?

Answer 40

They are found in Testes and ovaries?

Question 41

What is the function of sperm and egg cells?

Answer 41

fuse together to produce a zygote.

Question 42

Where are cilated cells found?

Answer 42

Lining the trachea and bronchi.

Question 43

What do ciliated cells do?

Answer 43

Move mucus upward.