B1- Cell structure and transport

Question 1

How many micrometres is equal to 1mm?

Answer 1

1000μm

Question 2

How many nanometres is equal to 1μm?

Answer 2

1000nm

Question 3

What does Image size equal to?

Answer 3

Magnification X Real object

Question 4

Function of nucleus?

Answer 4

Controls cell behaviour and activities

Question 5

Function of cytoplasm?

Answer 5

Jelly like substance where many chemical reactions take place

Question 6

Function of cell membrane?

Answer 6

Allows substances to move in and out of the cell such as glucose and mineral ions in and urea and hormones out

Question 7

Function of mitochondria?

Answer 7

Where respiration takes place

Question 8

Function of ribosomes?

Answer 8

Where protein synthesis takes place

Question 9

Function of cell wall?

Answer 9

Made of cellulose for support

Question 10

Function of chloroplasts?

Answer 10

contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis which absorbs light and makes the leaf green.

Question 11

Function of vacuole?

Answer 11

contains cell sap which keeps cell rigid and helps support the cell.

Question 12

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 12

Cells that only contain a cell membrane, cytoplasm and a nucleus.

Question 13

What are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 13

Cells that only contain cytoplasm and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall.

Question 14

Examples of eukaryotic cells

Answer 14

animal cells, plant cells, fungi and protista

Question 15

Examples of prokaryotic cells

Answer 15

Bacteria

Question 16

How are nerve cells specialised?

Answer 16

They carry electrical impulses around the bodies of animals

Question 17

How are muscle cells specialised?

Answer 17

They can contract and relax

Question 18

How are sperm cells specialised?

Answer 18

They can move through water or the female reproductive system to reach the egg, and an acrosome to help fertilise the egg.

Question 19

How are root hair cells specialised?

Answer 19

They have a large surface area in order to gain maximum nutrients, minerals and water ions

Question 20

What do xylem cells transport?

Answer 20

Water and mineral ions from roots to stem and leaves

Question 21

What do phloem cells transport?

Answer 21

Food

Question 22

Why are xylem cells strong?

Answer 22

A chemical called lignin builds up in spirals in the cell walls. The cells die leaving long hollow tubes. The spirals of lignin make xylem tubes very strong.

Question 23

Define diffusion

Answer 23

The movement of gas particles from a high to a low concentration

Question 24

State 4 examples of diffusion

Answer 24

1) Oxygen and glucose into cells in the body
2) Carbon dioxide into photosynthesis
3) Gas exchange
4) Simple sugars and amino acids from the gut to cell membrane

Question 25

Define osmosis

Answer 25

Movement of water particles from a high to a low concentration across a partially permeable membrane.

Question 26

Define isotonic

Answer 26

The 2 solutions have the same concentrations

Question 27

Define hypertonic

Answer 27

The solution is more concentrated and contains more solutes than water

Question 28

Define hypotonic

Answer 28

Solution is more dilute and has more water than solutes

Question 29

Define turgor

Answer 29

Occurs when no more water can enter a cell due to the pressure inside the cell.

Question 30

Explain how osmosis works in plant cells.

Answer 30

1- water moves into plant cells 2- vacuole swells 3- cytoplasm is pressed against cell wall 4- cell becomes rigid 5- leaves and cell become rigid.

Question 31

Define active transport

Answer 31

Movement of particles from a low to a high concentration using energy from respiration against the concentration gradient.

Question 32

Examples of active transport

Answer 32

Root hair cells absorb mineral ions from soil, Glucose absorbed out of the gut and kidney.

Question 33

What absorbs oxygen for gas exchange

Answer 33

Alveoli in the lungs

Question 34

What controls gases to come in and out of the leaves

Answer 34

Stomata

Question 35

What requirements are needed for efficient gas exchange?

Answer 35

Large surface area, Short diffusion path, thin membranes, an efficient transport system