B1 cell structure and transport Flashcards
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell
True or False: All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.
True
Fill in the blank: The process by which plants convert sunlight into energy is called _______.
photosynthesis
What are the two main types of cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria
Multiple Choice: Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but not in animal cells? A) Cell Membrane B) Chloroplast C) Nucleus D) Ribosome
B) Chloroplast
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
True or False: DNA is located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
True
Fill in the blank: The semi-permeable membrane surrounding a cell is called the _______.
cell membrane
What is the primary function of the cell wall?
To provide structure and protection
Multiple Choice: Which process involves the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane? A) Diffusion B) Osmosis C) Active Transport D) Endocytosis
B) Osmosis
What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?
To speed up the reactions
True or False: Enzymes are consumed in the reactions they catalyze.
False
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
Fill in the blank: The genetic material of an organism is composed of _______.
DNA
What is the process of cell division called?
Mitosis
Multiple Choice: Which phase of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes along the cell’s equatorial plane? A) Prophase B) Metaphase C) Anaphase D) Telophase
B) Metaphase
True or False: Photosynthesis occurs in the mitochondria.
False
What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll
Fill in the blank: Organisms that produce their own food are called _______.
autotrophs
What is the main product of cellular respiration?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells? A) Nucleus B) Membrane-bound organelles C) Circular DNA D) Both A and B
C) Circular DNA
What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?
Hydrogen bonds
True or False: All living organisms require oxygen to survive.
False
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
To modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids
Fill in the blank: The process by which cells take in materials is called _______.
endocytosis
Definition of Osmosis
A process by which molecules of a low concentration to an area of high concentration through a semi-permeable membrane
Definition of Diffusion
the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
definition of active transport
the movement of dissolved molecules into or out of a cell membrane, from a region of lower concentration to a region of high concentration
Diffusion Pathways
The distance of which a substance must diffuse.
Exchange Surface
A place where exchange of substances take place
What does multicellular mean?
This describes an organism made of lots of cells(plants or animal cells)
specialised cells
almost all cells in multicellular organisms have a particular job or function
Tissue
a group of cells with similar structures and functions
Organ
an organ is a collection of tissues performing a special function
organ system
organs don’t operate alone; they work together to form organ system
Organisms
An organ has many organ systems ; all contributing to its survival
Rate of diffusion is affected by?
1)how steep the concentration gradient
2)Temperature
3)The surface area
