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Biology Paper 1 > B1 Cell Structure And Transport > Flashcards

B1 Cell Structure And Transport Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls activities of the cell
Contains the genetic information of the cell

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2
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Where most of the chemical reactions take place

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3
Q

Cell membrane

A

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

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4
Q

Mitochondria

A

Where aerobic respiration takes place.
Releases energy for the cell

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5
Q

Ribosomes

A

Where protein synthesis takes place

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6
Q

Cell wall

A

Made of cellulose
Strengthens and supports the cell

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7
Q

Chloroplasts

A

They are green and contain a green substance called chlorophyll
It is the site of photosynthesis

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8
Q

Chlorophyll

A

Absorbs light so the plant can make food by photosynthesis

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9
Q

Permanent vacuole

A

Filled with cell sap
Keeps cells rigid and supports the plant

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10
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Animal and plant cells
Have genetic material that is enclosed in a nucleus

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11
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

Bacterial cells
Do not have genetic information enclosed in a nucleus

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12
Q

Prokaryotic cells contain

A

Genetic material is a single loop of DNA found free in the cytoplasm

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13
Q

Plasmids

A

Extra small rings of DNA

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14
Q

Flagella

A

Helps the bacteria to move around

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15
Q

Slime coat

A

A protective coat around the bacterial cell

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16
Q

Nerve cells

A

Specialised cells which carry electrical impulses around the body of an animal

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17
Q

Adaptations of nerve cells

A

Lots of dendrites to make connections to other nerve cells
An axon which carries nerve impulse from one place to another
Synapses which pass impulses to another cell using special transmitter chemicals

18
Q

Muscle cells

A

Specialised cells which can contract and relax

19
Q

Specialised cells

A

Differentiated cells which carry out a particular function

20
Q

Muscle cell adaptations

A

Special proteins that slide over each other making fibres contract
Contains lots of mitochondria to transfer energy needed for cells to contract and relax
Can store glycogen which mitochondria can use to transfer energy

21
Q

Sperm cells

A

Contain genetic info from male parent
Fertilise the egg

22
Q

Sperm cell adaptations

A

Long tail to help the sperm move
Lots of mitochondria which transfer energy needed for tail to work
Acrosome which stores digestive enzymes needed for breaking the outer layers of the egg
Nucleus which contains genetic info to be passed on

23
Q

Root hair cells

A

Help the plant take up water and mineral ions efficiently

24
Q

Root hair cell adaptations

A

Increase surface area
Large permanent vacuole speeds up osmosis
Mitochondria to transfer energy needed for active transport

25
Q

Xylem cells

A

Transport tissue in plants that carries water and mineral ions from roots to the highest leaves and shoots

26
Q

Xylem adaptations

A

Cells die to form hollow tubes to allow water and mineral ions to move easily through them
Spirals and rings of lignin make them strong and help them withstand the pressure of water moving up the plant

27
Q

Phloem cells

A

Carries food made by photosynthesis around the plant

28
Q

Phloem adaptations

A

Cell walls break down to form sieve plates.
Allows water carrying dissolved food to move freely up and down tubes
Mitochondria of the companion cells transfer the energy needed to move dissolved foods up and down the plant in phloem

29
Q

Diffusion

A

Net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

30
Q

Factors affecting rate of diffusion

A

Conc difference
Temperature
Surface area

31
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

32
Q

Isotonic

A

Conc of solution outside the cell is the same as the internal conc

33
Q

Hypertonic

A

Conc of solutes in solution outside the cell is higher than the internal concentration

34
Q

Hypotonic

A

Conc of solutes is lower outside the cell than the internal conc

35
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of cells from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

36
Q

What is needed for active transport

A

Energy

37
Q

Where is the energy for active transport produced

A

Cellular respiration

38
Q

When does the ratio of surface area to volume fall?

A

When the object gets bigger

39
Q

Adaptations for exchanging materials

A

Large surface area
Short diffusion path / thin membrane
Efficient blood supply
Being ventilated

40
Q

Culturing microorganisms on an agar gel plate

A

Hot sterilised agar jelly is poured into a sterilised petri dish, which is left to cool and set
Inoculating loops are dipped in a solution of the microorganism and spread over the agar jelly evenly
A lid is taped on and the plate is incubated for a few so the microorganisms can grow (stored upside down)

Biology Paper 1 (2 decks)

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