B1 - Cell Structure and Transport

Question 1

What is cytoplasm? (Animal & Plant & Bacterial Cells)

Answer 1

A gel-like substance containing enzymes to catalase the reactions. It is the site of chemical reactions in the cell.

Question 2

What is the Nucleus? (Animal & Plant Cells)

Answer 2

The part of the cell that contains genetic material and controls the activities of the cell and codes for proteins.

Question 3

What is the cell membrane? (Animal & Plant Cells)

Answer 3

A semi permeable part of the cell which controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 4

What is a ribosome? (Animal & Plant Cells)

Answer 4

The site of protein synthesis - mRNA is translated to an amino acid chain.

Question 5

What is a mitochondrion? (Animal & Plant Cells)

Answer 5

The site of respiration where energy is released for the cell to function.

Question 6

What is a permanent vacuole? (Plant Cells)

Answer 6

The part of the cell which keeps it turgid, contains sugars and salts in solution as well as containing cell sap.

Question 7

What is the cell wall? (Plant Cells)

Answer 7

Made of cellulose, it supports and strengthens the cell.

Question 8

What is a chloroplast? (Plant Cells)

Answer 8

The part of the cell which contains chlorophyll, absorbs light energy.

Question 9

What are examples of eukaryotes complex organisms?

Answer 9

Animal and Plant cells.

Question 10

What are examples of prokaryotes simpler organisms?

Answer 10

Bacteria cells

Question 11

What is Bacterial DNA? (Bacterial Cells)

Answer 11

It stores DNA and controls the function of the cell. Instead of being found in the nucleus, it floats in the cytoplasm.

Question 12

What is the Cell Wall? (Bacterial Cells)

Answer 12

It supports and strengthens the cell. Unlike the cell wall in plant cells, in bacterial cells the cell wall is not made of cellulose.

Question 13

What is a Plasmid? (Bacterial Cells)

Answer 13

Small rings of DNA which contain additional genes.

Question 14

What is cytoplasm? (Bacterial Cells)

Answer 14

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, and it is semi permeable.

Question 15

What is a Nerve Cell? (Specialized animal cell)

Answer 15

A cell which carries electrical signals with long branched connections and insulating sheath.

Question 16

What is a sperm cell? (Specialized animal cell)

Answer 16

A cell which is streamlined with a long tail, acrosome containing enzymes and a large number of mitochondria all helping fertilize an egg.

Question 17

What is a muscle cell? (Specialized animal cell)

Answer 17

A cell which contracts to allow movement (it contains a large number of mitochondria and is long).

Question 18

Animal cell differentiation

Answer 18

How a cell changes and becomes specialized undifferentiated are called STEM cells.

• Early stages of development
• Only for repair and replacement

Question 19

Plant cell differentiation

Answer 19

How a cell changes and becomes specialized undifferentiated are called STEM cells.

• All stages of life cycle
• The Stem cells are grouped together in meristems

Question 20

What is the equation for Magnification?

Answer 20

Magnification (M) = (Size of Image I)/(Real Size of the Object)

Question 21

Name five parts of a microscope:

Answer 21

• Objective lens
• Eyepiece lens
• Stage
• Focusing Wheel
• Light Source

Question 22

What is a root hair cell (Specialized Plant Cell)

Answer 22

A cell which absorbs water and minerals from soil. It has hair like projections to increase the surface area.

Question 23

What is a xylem cell? (Specialized Plant Cell)

Answer 23

It carries water and minerals. Transpiration - dead cells, cell walls toughened by lignin flows in one direction.

Question 24

What is phloem? (Specialized Plant Cell)

Answer 24

A cell which carries glucose. Translocation - living cells, have end plates with holes, flows in both directions.

Question 25

Features in a light (optical) microscope

Answer 25

Radiation used: Light rays
Max magnification: Roughly 1500 times
Resolution: 200mm
Size of microscope: Small and portable
Cost: Roughly £100 for a school one

Question 26

Features in an electron microscope

Answer 26

Radiation used: Electron beams
Max magnification: Roughly 2,000,000 times
Resolution: 0.2nm
Size of microscope: Very large and not portable
Cost: Several hundred thousand to £1 million plus

Question 27

Centimeters (centi, cm) in standard form

Answer 27

x 10^-2

Question 28

Millimeters (milli, mm) in standard form

Answer 28

x 10^-3

Question 29

micrometers (micro, μm) in standard form

Answer 29

x 10^-6

Question 30

nanometers (nano, nm) in standard form

Answer 30

x 10^-9