B1 - Cell Structure and Transport Flashcards
What is cytoplasm? (Animal & Plant & Bacterial Cells)
A gel-like substance containing enzymes to catalase the reactions. It is the site of chemical reactions in the cell.
What is the Nucleus? (Animal & Plant Cells)
The part of the cell that contains genetic material and controls the activities of the cell and codes for proteins.
What is the cell membrane? (Animal & Plant Cells)
A semi permeable part of the cell which controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
What is a ribosome? (Animal & Plant Cells)
The site of protein synthesis - mRNA is translated to an amino acid chain.
What is a mitochondrion? (Animal & Plant Cells)
The site of respiration where energy is released for the cell to function.
What is a permanent vacuole? (Plant Cells)
The part of the cell which keeps it turgid, contains sugars and salts in solution as well as containing cell sap.
What is the cell wall? (Plant Cells)
Made of cellulose, it supports and strengthens the cell.
What is a chloroplast? (Plant Cells)
The part of the cell which contains chlorophyll, absorbs light energy.
What are examples of eukaryotes complex organisms?
Animal and Plant cells.
What are examples of prokaryotes simpler organisms?
Bacteria cells
What is Bacterial DNA? (Bacterial Cells)
It stores DNA and controls the function of the cell. Instead of being found in the nucleus, it floats in the cytoplasm.
What is the Cell Wall? (Bacterial Cells)
It supports and strengthens the cell. Unlike the cell wall in plant cells, in bacterial cells the cell wall is not made of cellulose.
What is a Plasmid? (Bacterial Cells)
Small rings of DNA which contain additional genes.
What is cytoplasm? (Bacterial Cells)
Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, and it is semi permeable.
What is a Nerve Cell? (Specialized animal cell)
A cell which carries electrical signals with long branched connections and insulating sheath.
What is a sperm cell? (Specialized animal cell)
A cell which is streamlined with a long tail, acrosome containing enzymes and a large number of mitochondria all helping fertilize an egg.
What is a muscle cell? (Specialized animal cell)
A cell which contracts to allow movement (it contains a large number of mitochondria and is long).
Animal cell differentiation
How a cell changes and becomes specialized undifferentiated are called STEM cells.
- Early stages of development
- Only for repair and replacement
Plant cell differentiation
How a cell changes and becomes specialized undifferentiated are called STEM cells.
- All stages of life cycle
- The Stem cells are grouped together in meristems
What is the equation for Magnification?
Magnification (M) = (Size of Image I)/(Real Size of the Object)
Name five parts of a microscope:
- Objective lens
- Eyepiece lens
- Stage
- Focusing Wheel
- Light Source
What is a root hair cell (Specialized Plant Cell)
A cell which absorbs water and minerals from soil. It has hair like projections to increase the surface area.
What is a xylem cell? (Specialized Plant Cell)
It carries water and minerals. Transpiration - dead cells, cell walls toughened by lignin flows in one direction.
What is phloem? (Specialized Plant Cell)
A cell which carries glucose. Translocation - living cells, have end plates with holes, flows in both directions.
Features in a light (optical) microscope
Radiation used: Light rays Max magnification: Roughly 1500 times Resolution: 200mm Size of microscope: Small and portable Cost: Roughly £100 for a school one
Features in an electron microscope
Radiation used: Electron beams
Max magnification: Roughly 2,000,000 times
Resolution: 0.2nm
Size of microscope: Very large and not portable
Cost: Several hundred thousand to £1 million plus
Centimeters (centi, cm) in standard form
x 10^-2
Millimeters (milli, mm) in standard form
x 10^-3
micrometers (micro, μm) in standard form
x 10^-6
nanometers (nano, nm) in standard form
x 10^-9
