B1-cell Structure And Functions

Question 1

Chloroplast

Answer 1

Site of photosynthesis where light is used to produce sugars

Question 2

Vacuole

Answer 2

Keep the cell swollen and give it support

Question 3

Tonoplast

Answer 3

Membrane that surrounds the vacuole which allows substance’s to move in and out

Question 4

Cell wall

Answer 4

Made up of cellulose and gives the cell wall structure

Question 5

Amyoloplast

Answer 5

Membrane bound organelle that synthesises starch

Question 6

Plasmodestmata

Answer 6

Stands of membrane that allow substances to transport and communicate

Question 7

Pits

Answer 7

Allow water to enter and leave cell

Question 8

Centriole

Answer 8

Produce spindle fibres for cell division to occur

Question 9

Vesicles

Answer 9

Sacs filled with substance which are required to move around

Question 10

Lysosome

Answer 10

Digestive enzyme which breaks down cells waste

Question 11

80s ribosome

Answer 11

Studded with rER and lose in cytoplasm for the site of protein synthesis

Question 12

Nucleus

Answer 12

Where genetic material is stored and RNA and ribosomes are made

Question 13

Plasma membrane

Answer 13

Acts as a barrier and allow substances to move around

Question 14

Golgi apparatus

Answer 14

Modifies and packages proteins that are exported from cell

Question 15

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 15

Synthesis proteins that exported to golgi apparatus

Question 16

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 16

Studded with carbohydrates and lipids ans transported

Question 17

Cytoplasm

Answer 17

Allows the cell of function to be correct and filled with chemicals

Question 18

Mitochondria

Answer 18

Site of respiration where energy is used for cell process

Question 19

Prokaryotes

Answer 19

-Lacks nucleus has a loose lopped dna
-contains plasmids that are used for survival advantages e.g antibiotics resistance
-capsule are slimy so the cell doesn’t dry out
-cell wall made up of lots of peptigolyyen
Which protects the cell and ensure its adapted to environmental conditions

Question 20

Light and Electron microscopy

Answer 20

Electron microscope has a higher magnification and resolution that light microscope but can be seen in coloured images and are used for stains.

Question 21

What is Gram staining

Answer 21

-Relies in structure of bacteria cell wall
-animal cells can not be grammed strained

Question 22

Process of gram stainging

Answer 22

1. Bacteria is smeared on the stain
2. Heat is applied on the slide to fix bacteria
3. Crystal violet is placed on the stain to keep it in place
4. Iodine is places to keep crystal violet in place
5. Alcohol is used to remove access bacteria
6. Counterstain for safifrain to remove bacteria stain

Question 23

Gam postive and negative difference

Answer 23

Gram + remains purple has a thich layer of peptioglycan to trap stain
Gram - turns red/pink because of the safifrain as it has a fatty layer of peptiglycogen on cell wall as when alcohol is added the purple stain is removed easily so the safrain can be seen

Question 24

Antibiotics react differently

Answer 24

Pencillin stops the synthesis of gram + and killing the bacteria
Whereas gram - has to respond to another process