B1-cell Structure And Functions Flashcards

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1
Q

Chloroplast

A

Site of photosynthesis where light is used to produce sugars

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2
Q

Vacuole

A

Keep the cell swollen and give it support

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3
Q

Tonoplast

A

Membrane that surrounds the vacuole which allows substance’s to move in and out

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4
Q

Cell wall

A

Made up of cellulose and gives the cell wall structure

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5
Q

Amyoloplast

A

Membrane bound organelle that synthesises starch

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6
Q

Plasmodestmata

A

Stands of membrane that allow substances to transport and communicate

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7
Q

Pits

A

Allow water to enter and leave cell

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8
Q

Centriole

A

Produce spindle fibres for cell division to occur

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9
Q

Vesicles

A

Sacs filled with substance which are required to move around

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10
Q

Lysosome

A

Digestive enzyme which breaks down cells waste

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11
Q

80s ribosome

A

Studded with rER and lose in cytoplasm for the site of protein synthesis

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12
Q

Nucleus

A

Where genetic material is stored and RNA and ribosomes are made

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13
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Acts as a barrier and allow substances to move around

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14
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Modifies and packages proteins that are exported from cell

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15
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Synthesis proteins that exported to golgi apparatus

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16
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Studded with carbohydrates and lipids ans transported

17
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Allows the cell of function to be correct and filled with chemicals

18
Q

Mitochondria

A

Site of respiration where energy is used for cell process

19
Q

Prokaryotes

A

-Lacks nucleus has a loose lopped dna
-contains plasmids that are used for survival advantages e.g antibiotics resistance
-capsule are slimy so the cell doesn’t dry out
-cell wall made up of lots of peptigolyyen
Which protects the cell and ensure its adapted to environmental conditions

20
Q

Light and Electron microscopy

A

Electron microscope has a higher magnification and resolution that light microscope but can be seen in coloured images and are used for stains.

21
Q

What is Gram staining

A

-Relies in structure of bacteria cell wall
-animal cells can not be grammed strained

22
Q

Process of gram stainging

A
  1. Bacteria is smeared on the stain
  2. Heat is applied on the slide to fix bacteria
  3. Crystal violet is placed on the stain to keep it in place
  4. Iodine is places to keep crystal violet in place
  5. Alcohol is used to remove access bacteria
  6. Counterstain for safifrain to remove bacteria stain
23
Q

Gam postive and negative difference

A

Gram + remains purple has a thich layer of peptioglycan to trap stain
Gram - turns red/pink because of the safifrain as it has a fatty layer of peptiglycogen on cell wall as when alcohol is added the purple stain is removed easily so the safrain can be seen

24
Q

Antibiotics react differently

A

Pencillin stops the synthesis of gram + and killing the bacteria
Whereas gram - has to respond to another process