B1-cell Structure And Functions Flashcards
Chloroplast
Site of photosynthesis where light is used to produce sugars
Vacuole
Keep the cell swollen and give it support
Tonoplast
Membrane that surrounds the vacuole which allows substance’s to move in and out
Cell wall
Made up of cellulose and gives the cell wall structure
Amyoloplast
Membrane bound organelle that synthesises starch
Plasmodestmata
Stands of membrane that allow substances to transport and communicate
Pits
Allow water to enter and leave cell
Centriole
Produce spindle fibres for cell division to occur
Vesicles
Sacs filled with substance which are required to move around
Lysosome
Digestive enzyme which breaks down cells waste
80s ribosome
Studded with rER and lose in cytoplasm for the site of protein synthesis
Nucleus
Where genetic material is stored and RNA and ribosomes are made
Plasma membrane
Acts as a barrier and allow substances to move around
Golgi apparatus
Modifies and packages proteins that are exported from cell
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesis proteins that exported to golgi apparatus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Studded with carbohydrates and lipids ans transported
Cytoplasm
Allows the cell of function to be correct and filled with chemicals
Mitochondria
Site of respiration where energy is used for cell process
Prokaryotes
-Lacks nucleus has a loose lopped dna
-contains plasmids that are used for survival advantages e.g antibiotics resistance
-capsule are slimy so the cell doesn’t dry out
-cell wall made up of lots of peptigolyyen
Which protects the cell and ensure its adapted to environmental conditions
Light and Electron microscopy
Electron microscope has a higher magnification and resolution that light microscope but can be seen in coloured images and are used for stains.
What is Gram staining
-Relies in structure of bacteria cell wall
-animal cells can not be grammed strained
Process of gram stainging
- Bacteria is smeared on the stain
- Heat is applied on the slide to fix bacteria
- Crystal violet is placed on the stain to keep it in place
- Iodine is places to keep crystal violet in place
- Alcohol is used to remove access bacteria
- Counterstain for safifrain to remove bacteria stain
Gam postive and negative difference
Gram + remains purple has a thich layer of peptioglycan to trap stain
Gram - turns red/pink because of the safifrain as it has a fatty layer of peptiglycogen on cell wall as when alcohol is added the purple stain is removed easily so the safrain can be seen
Antibiotics react differently
Pencillin stops the synthesis of gram + and killing the bacteria
Whereas gram - has to respond to another process
