B1:Cell Structure Flashcards
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A plant or animal cell that has a cell membrane, cytoplasm and its genetic material enclosed in a nucleus.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A cell in which the genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus. Its DNA is found as a loop in the cell and there may be one or more plasmids.
What is a plasmid?
A small ring of DNA
What type of cell is a bacterial cell?
Prokaryotic cell
How does the size or a prokaryotic cell compare to a eukaryotic cell?
Much smaller
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls the cell
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Site of chemical reactions
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Site of respiration
What is the function of ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Site of photo synthesis
What is the function of permanent vacuoles?
Supports the cell and contains cell sap
How is the cell wall strengthened?
Cellulose
What are the common parts of an animal cell?
Nucleus, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria and Ribosomes
What are the common parts of a plant cell?
Nucleus, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Chloroplasts, Cell wall and Vacuole
What is the function of a sperm cell?
Carry the father’s genetic information and fertilise the egg
How is a sperm cell adapted?
Streamlined shape
Nucleus contains 1 set of DNA
Lots of mitochondria for respiration
Contains digestive enzymes
What is the function of a nerve cell?
Transmit electrical impulses around the body
How is a nerve cell adapted?
Long
Lots of dendrites to make connections with lots of other cells
What is the function of a muscle cell?
Contract and relax to bring about movement
How is a muscle cell adapted?
Lots of mitochondria for respiration
What is the function of the root hair cells?
Absorb mineral ions and water from the soil
How is a root hair cell adapted?
Large surface area
Lots of mitochondria for respiration
No chloroplast
What is the function of a xylem?
Transport water around the plant
How are the xylem adapted for their function?
Few cell structures and so they are dead for more space and supported by lignin
What are the function of the phloem cells?
Transport sugars around the plant
How are phloem cells adapted for their function?
Few cell structures
Supported by companion cells
What are the advantages of electron microscopes?
Higher magnification and resolution
What have been the benefits of electron microscopes?
Can be used to examine a cell in much finer detail and has led to a better understanding of sub cellular structures
What is the formula for magnification?
Magnification = Image Size / Actual Size
