B1 Cell Structure Flashcards
Are plant cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Eukaryotic
Are animal cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Eukaryotic
What are eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have genetic material (DNA) that forms chromosomes and is contained within a nucleus
What are the feature of an animal cell?
Cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes and cytoplasm
What are the features of a plant cell?
Cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts, cell wall
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
What is the function of the nucleus?
Contains DNA, controls the cell
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Where energy is released through respiration
What is the function of ribosomes?
They are the site of protein synthesis
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
It is a jellylike substance where chemical reactions take place
What is the function of the permanent vacuole?
It contains cell sap
What is the function of chloroplasts?
They contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis
What is the function of the cell wall?
It is made of cellulose which strengthens the cell
Are bacteria cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic
Are bacteria single-celled or multicellular?
Single-celled
What are the characteristics of bacteria cells?
- Single-celled
- No nucleus - have a single loop of DNA
- Smaller than eukaryotic cells
- Have small rings of DNA called plasmids
What are the features of bacteria cells?
Cell wall, cytoplasm, cell membrane, flagellum, bacterial DNA loop (no nucleus), plasmid DNA rings - bacteria may have more than one of these
What is the equation for magnification?
Image size / actual size
What is the equation for image size?
Actual size x magnification
What is the equation for actual size?
Image size / magnification
What can you see with an electron microscope but not with a light microscope?
Sub-cellular structures, such as ribosomes, that are too small to be seen with a light microscope
What are the features of microscopes?
Uses light to form images, living samples can be viewed, relatively cheap, low magnification, low resolution
What are the features of an electron microscope?
Uses a beam of electrons to form images, samples cannot be living, expensive, high magnification, high resolution
What are the 6 types of specialised cells you need to know about?
Sperm cells, red blood cells, muscle cells, nerve cells, root hair cells, palisade cells