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AQA GCSE 9-1 Combined Science: Trilogy Higher Flashcards > B1 Cell Structure > Flashcards

B1 Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Are plant cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

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2
Q

Are animal cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

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3
Q

What are eukaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic cells have genetic material (DNA) that forms chromosomes and is contained within a nucleus

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4
Q

What are the feature of an animal cell?

A

Cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes and cytoplasm

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5
Q

What are the features of a plant cell?

A

Cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts, cell wall

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6
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

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7
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Contains DNA, controls the cell

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8
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Where energy is released through respiration

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9
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

They are the site of protein synthesis

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10
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

It is a jellylike substance where chemical reactions take place

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11
Q

What is the function of the permanent vacuole?

A

It contains cell sap

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12
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

They contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis

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13
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

It is made of cellulose which strengthens the cell

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14
Q

Are bacteria cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Prokaryotic

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15
Q

Are bacteria single-celled or multicellular?

A

Single-celled

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of bacteria cells?

A
  1. Single-celled
  2. No nucleus - have a single loop of DNA
  3. Smaller than eukaryotic cells
  4. Have small rings of DNA called plasmids
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17
Q

What are the features of bacteria cells?

A

Cell wall, cytoplasm, cell membrane, flagellum, bacterial DNA loop (no nucleus), plasmid DNA rings - bacteria may have more than one of these

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18
Q

What is the equation for magnification?

A

Image size / actual size

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19
Q

What is the equation for image size?

A

Actual size x magnification

20
Q

What is the equation for actual size?

A

Image size / magnification

21
Q

What can you see with an electron microscope but not with a light microscope?

A

Sub-cellular structures, such as ribosomes, that are too small to be seen with a light microscope

22
Q

What are the features of microscopes?

A

Uses light to form images, living samples can be viewed, relatively cheap, low magnification, low resolution

23
Q

What are the features of an electron microscope?

A

Uses a beam of electrons to form images, samples cannot be living, expensive, high magnification, high resolution

24
Q

What are the 6 types of specialised cells you need to know about?

A

Sperm cells, red blood cells, muscle cells, nerve cells, root hair cells, palisade cells

25
Q

NOT A QUESTION - FOR B1 YOU MUST BE ABLE TO DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS:

A

Cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast, chromosome, cytoplasm, DNA, eukaryotic, magnification, mitochondria, nucleus, permanent vacuole, plasmid, prokaryotic, resolution, ribosome

26
Q

How do cells in animals and plants form different types of specialised cells?

A

Differentiaton

27
Q

True or false: animal cells can differentiate throughout their lifetimes

A

False

28
Q

True or false: plant cells can differentiate at any stage throughout their lifetimes

A

True

29
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell?

A

To fertilise an ovum (egg)

30
Q

How are sperms cells adapted?

A
  1. Tail to swim to the ovum and fertilise it
  2. Streamlined
  3. Lots of mitochondria to release energy from respiration, enabling the sperm to swim into the ovum
31
Q

What is the function of the red blood cell?

A

Transport oxygen around the body

32
Q

How are red blood cells adapted?

A
  1. No nucleus so more room to carry oxygen
  2. Contains a red pigment called haemoglobin that binds to oxygen molecules
  3. Flat bi-concave disc shape to increase surface area to volume ratio
33
Q

What is the function of a muscle cell?

A

To contract and relax to allow movement

34
Q

How are muscle cells adapted?

A
  1. Contains protein fibres which can contract to make the cells shorter
  2. Contains lots of mitochondria to release energy from respiration, allowing the muscles to contract
35
Q

What is the function of a nerve cell?

A

To carry electrical impulses around the body

36
Q

How are nerve cells adapted for their function?

A

Branched endings, called dendrites, to make connections with other neurones or effectors
2. Myelin sheath insulates the axon to increase the transmission speed of the electrical impulses

37
Q

What are the branched endings on the ends of nerve cells called?

A

Dendrites

38
Q

What is the function of root hair cells?

A

To absorb mineral ions and water from the soil

39
Q

How are root hair cells adapted for their function?

A
  1. Long projection speeds up the absorption of water and mineral ions by increasing the surface area of the soil
  2. Lots of mitochondria to release energy for the active transport of mineral ions from the soil
40
Q

What is the function of a palisade cell?

A

To enable photosynthesis in the leaf

41
Q

How are palisade cells adapted for their function?

A
  1. Lots of chloroplasts containing chlorophyll to absorb light energy
  2. Located at the top surface of the leaf where it can absorb the most light energy
42
Q

What is the structure of the main genetic material in a prokaryotic cell?

A

Single loop of DNA

43
Q

Where is DNA found in animal and plant cells?

A

In the nucleus

44
Q

What is the resolution of a device?

A

The smallest change that a device can measure - this could be many things - distance, time, temperature, volume, etc.

45
Q

What is the equation for total magnification?

A

Objective lens magnification x eyepiece lens magnification

AQA GCSE 9-1 Combined Science: Trilogy Higher Flashcards (24 decks)

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