B1 - Cell Level Systems Flashcards
What cells are eukaryotic?
Animal and Plant cells.
What cells are prokaryotic?
Bacteria cells.
What is the role of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?
It contains DNA in the form of chromosomes that controls the cell’s activities.
What is the role of the cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell?
It is a gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen.
What is the role of the mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell?
They are the site of cellular respiration and contain enzymes needed for the reactions involved.
What is the role of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell?
They are where proteins are made in the cell.
What is the role of the cell membrane in a eukaryotic cell?
It holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out by providing a selective barrier. They also contain receptors molecules that are used for cell communication.
What is within the structure of a eukaryotic cell?
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
- Cell Membrane
What are the extra structures within a plant cell that aren’t in an animal cell?
- Rigid Cell Wall
- Chloroplasts
What is the role of the rigid cell wall in a plant cell?
It is made of cellulose and gives support for the cell.
What is the role of chloroplasts in a plant cell?
It is where photosynthesis occurs. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll.
What are the structures within a prokaryotic cell?
- Chromosomal DNA
- Plasmids
- Cell Membrane
What is the role of chromosomal DNA in a prokaryotic cell?
It is one long circular chromosome that controls the cell’s activities and replication.
What is the role of plasmids in a prokaryotic cell?
They are small loops of extra DNA that contain genes for things like drug resistance and can be passed between bacteria.
What is the role of the cell membrane in a prokaryotic cell?
It controls what goes in and out.
What is the formula for magnification?
Image size / real size
or
eyepiece lens magnification * objective lens magnification
What are the complementary base pairings?
A and T (adenine and thymine)
G and C (guanine and cytosine)
What is a polymer?
A large, complex molecule composed of long chains of monomers joined together.
What is DNA made up of?
Nucleotide monomers that have a sugar, phosphate and a base.
What is the purpose of an enzyme?
They act as biological catalysts: speeding up the reaction without being changed or used up. They only speed up the useful chemical reactions in the body.
What is the process of the ‘lock and key’ hypothesis?
The substrate fits into the active site in the enzyme. The reaction is catalysed and the products leave the active site.
