b1: cell biology and transport Flashcards
what are two types of eukaryotic cell?
animal and plant
what type of cell are bacteria?
prokaryotic
where is DNA found in animal and plant cell?
in the nucleus
what is the function in the cell membrane?
controls movement of substances in and out of the cell
what is the function of mitochondria?
to transfer energy for the cell
what is the function of chloroplasts?
contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis
what is the function of ribosomes?
enable production of proteins
what is the function of the cell wall?
strengthens and supports the cell
what is the structure of the main genetic material in a prokaryotic cell?
single loop of DNA
what is the function of red blood cells?
carries oxygen around the body
what is the function of a nerve cell?
carries electrical impulses around the body
give 3 adaptations of a red blood cell?
no nucleus
contains a red pigment called haemoglobin
has a bi-concave disc shape
what is the function of a nerve cell
carries electrical impulses around the body
give 1 adaptations of a nerve cell
branched endings
what is the function of a sperm cell
fertilize the egg
give 2 adaptations of a sperm cell
tail
lots of mitochondria
what is the function of a palisade cell
carries out photosynthesis on a leaf
give 2 adaptations of palisade cell
lots of chloroplasts
located at the top surface of the leaf
what is the function of a root hair cell
absorbs minerals and water from the soil
give 2 adaptations of a root hair cell
lots of mitochondria
long projections
what is diffusion
movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration
name 3 factors that effect the rate of diffusion
concentration gradient
temperature
membrane surface area
what is osmosis
diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution
give 1 example of osmosis in a plant
water moves from the soil into the hair root cell
