B1- cell biology and transport

Question 1

What are two types of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

animal and plant

Question 2

What type of cell are bacteria?

Answer 2

prokaryotic

Question 3

Where is DNA found in animals and plants?

Answer 3

Nucleus

Question 4

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 4

controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 5

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 5

contains chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis

Question 6

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 6

enables production of protein, protein synthesis.

Question 7

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 7

Strengthens the cell

Question 8

What is the structure of the main genetic material in
a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 8

a single loop of DNA

Question 9

How are electron microscopes different to light microscopes?

Answer 9

Electron microscopes use: beams of electrons instead of light.
Are more expensive
Have much higher magnification.

Question 10

What is the function of a red blood cell?

Answer 10

To carry oxygen around the body.

Question 11

Give 3 adaptations of a red blood cell.

Answer 11

Large surface area - bi-concave shape
No nucleus
Has haemoglobin- a red pigment

Question 12

What is the function of a nerve cell?

Answer 12

To carry electrical impulses around the body.

Question 13

Give 2 adaptations of a nerve cell?

Answer 13

branched endings
myelin sheath insulates axon

Question 14

What is the function of a sperm cell?

Answer 14

To fertilise the ovum (egg)

Question 15

Give 2 adaptations of a sperm cell?

Answer 15

A tail- to swim to fertilise the egg.
Contains lots of mitochondria

Question 16

What is the function of a palisade cell?

Answer 16

Carries out photosynthesis in the leaf.

Question 17

Give 2 adaptations of a palisade cell

Answer 17

Lots of chloroplasts
Located at the top of the leaf

Question 18

What is the function of the root hair cells?

Answer 18

absorbs water and mineral ions

Question 19

GIve 2 adaptations of root hair cells.

Answer 19

Long projection
Lots of mitochondria

Question 20

What is diffusion?

Answer 20

Net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to and area of low concentration along a concentration gradient- this is a passive process.

Question 21

Name 3 factors that affect the rate of diffusion

Answer 21

Temperature, concentration gradient, membrane surface

Question 22

How are the villi adapted for exchanging substances?

Answer 22

Thin walls - short diffusion path.
Large surface area
Good blood supply- maintains a steep concentration gradient

Question 23

How are the lungs adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 23

large surface area- alveoli
one cell thick membranes- short diffusion path
good blood supply - maintains a steep concentration gradient

Question 24

How are fish gills adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 24

good blood supply- maintains a steep concentration gradient
Large surface area- for diffusion
Thin layer of cells- short diffusion path

Question 25

what is osmosis?

Answer 25

Diffusion of a substance from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

Question 26

Give one example of osmosis in a plant

Answer 26

water moves from the soil to the root hair cells

Question 27

What is active transport?

Answer 27

movement of particles against a concentration
gradient – from a dilute solution to a more
concentrated solution – using energy from respiration

Question 28

Why is active transport needed in plant roots?

Answer 28

concentration of mineral ions in the soil i lower than in the root hair cells

Question 29

What is the purpose of active transport in the small intestine?

Answer 29

sugars can be absorbed when the concentration of sugar in the small intestine is lower than the concentration of sugar in the blood.