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GCSE science > B1: Cell Biology And Transport > Flashcards

B1: Cell Biology And Transport Flashcards

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1
Q

What are two types of eukaryotic cell?

A

Animal and plant

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2
Q

What type of cell are bacteria?

A

Prokaryotic

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3
Q

Where is DNA found in animal and plant cells?

A

In the nucleus

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4
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell

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5
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

site of respiration to transfer energy for the cell

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6
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis

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7
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

enable production of proteins (protein synthesis)

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8
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

strengthens and supports the cell

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9
Q

What is the structure of the main genetic material in a prokaryotic cell?

A

single loop of DNA

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10
Q

How are electron microscopes different to light microscopes?

A

electron microscopes use beams of electrons instead of light, cannot be used to view living samples, are much more expensive, and have a much higher magnification and resolution

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11
Q

What is the function of a red blood cell?

A

carries oxygen around the body

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12
Q

Give three adaptations of a red blood cell.

A

no nucleus, contains a red pigment called haemoglobin, and has a bi-concave disc shape

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13
Q

What is the function of a nerve cell?

A

carries electrical impulses around the body

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14
Q

Give two adaptations of a nerve cell.

A

branched endings, myelin sheath insulates the axon

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15
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell?

A

fertilises an ovum (egg)

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16
Q

Give two adaptations of a sperm cell.

A

tail, contains lots of mitochondria

17
Q

What is the function of a palisade cell?

A

carries out photosynthesis in a leaf

18
Q

Give two adaptations of a palisade cell.

A

lots of chloroplasts, located at the top surface of the leaf

19
Q

What is the function of a root hair cell?

A

absorbs minerals and water from the soil

20
Q

Give two adaptations of a root hair cell.

A

long projection, lots of mitochondria

21
Q

What is diffusion?

A

net movement of particles from an area of high
Put paper here
concentration to an area of low concentration along a concentration gradient - this is a passive process (does not require energy from respiration)

22
Q

Name three factors that affect the rate of diffusion.

A

concentration gradient, temperature, membrane surface area

23
Q

How are villi adapted for exchanging substances?

A

• long and thin - increases surface area
• one-cell-thick membrane - short diffusion pathway
• good blood supply - maintains a steep concentration
gradient

24
Q

How are the lungs adapted for efficient gas exchange?

A

• alveoli - large surface area
• moist membranes - increases rate of diffusion
• one-cell-thick membranes - short diffusion pathway a • good blood supply - maintains a steep concentration
gradient

25
Q

How are fish gills adapted for efficient gas exchange?

A

• large surface area for gases to diffuse across
• thin layer of cells - short diffusion pathway
• good blood supply - maintains a steep concentration gradient

26
Q

What is osmosis?

A

diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a
Put baper here
concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

27
Q

Give one example of osmosis in a plant

A

Water moves from the soil into the root hair cell

28
Q

What is active transport?

A

movement of particles against a concentration gradient - from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution - using energy from respiration

29
Q

Why is active transport needed in plant roots?

A

concentration of mineral ions in the soil is lower than inside the root hair cells - the mineral ions must move against the concentration gradient to enter the root hair cells

30
Q

What is the purpose of active transport in the small intestine?

A

sugars can be absorbed when the concentration of sugar in the small intestine is lower than the concentration of sugar in the blood

GCSE science (1 decks)

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