B1 - Cell Biology Flashcards
What is a Stem Cell?
An undifferentiated cell
What do Animal Cells contain? (5 things)
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell Membrane
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
What do Plant Cells contain? (8 things)
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell Membrane
- Cell Wall
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
- Permanent Vacuole
- Chloroplasts
What do Bacterial Cells contain? (6 things)
- Cell Membrane
- Plasmids (small circular rings of DNA)
- A large strand of DNA floating
- Flagellum
- Cytoplasm
- Cell Wall
Give 3 examples of specialised cells in humans.
- Sperm Cells
- Nerve Cells
- Muscle Cells
Give 3 examples of specialised cells in plants.
- Root Hair Cells
- Phloem Cells
- Xylem Cells
What are the 4 stages of Mitosis? (PMATC)
- Prophase (Genetic replication)
- Metaphase (Chromosomes line up at the center)
- Anaphase (Chromosome pulled apart to either side)
- Telophase (Membranes form around chromosomes)
- Cytokinesis (Membrane splits cell into 2 identical daughter cells)
What are the 4 stages of Binary Fission?
- Circular DNA/Plasmids replicate
- Cell grows and DNA strands move to either end
- Cytoplasm starts to divide; New Cell walls form
- Cytoplasm divides; Two daughter cells form (Each daughter cell has one copy of circular DNA but a variable number of plasmids)
Which type of stem cell can differentiate into ANY cell?
Embryonic stem cells
What is Diffusion?
‘Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of higher concentration to areas of low concentration’
What is Osmosis?
‘Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration’
Where is Active Transport used?
- Root Hair cells
2. Small Intestines (guts)
Where does Gas Exchange occur? (2 places)
Gas Exchange occurs in the lungs; Carbon Dioxide is exchanged with Oxygen. Gas Exchange occurs in leaves; Oxygen is exchanged with Carbon Dioxide.
