B1- Cell Biology

Question 1

What are Prokaryotes?

Answer 1

Small, simple cells e.g. Bacteria

Question 2

What are Eukaryotes?

Answer 2

Complex cells e.g. Animal or Plant cells

Question 3

What are the different parts of a cell called?

Answer 3

Subcellular structures

Question 4

What is a Nucleus and what does it do?

Answer 4

Contains genetic information that controls the activity of a cell

Question 5

What are Mitochondria?

Answer 5

Where most of the reactions happen for aerobic respiration. Source of energy.

Question 6

What are Ribosomes?

Answer 6

Where proteins are made in a cell.

Question 7

What is a cell membrane?

Answer 7

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.

Question 8

What is Cytoplasm?

Answer 8

Gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions take place. Contains enzymes that control the chemical reactions.

Question 9

What is the Cell wall?

Answer 9

Made of cellulose, supports and strengthens it.

Question 10

What are Chloroplasts?

Answer 10

Where photosynthesis occurs which makes food for the plan. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis

Question 11

What is a Vacuole?

Answer 11

Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts.

Question 12

Name the parts of an Animal Cell

Answer 12

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Mitochondria

Question 13

Name the parts of a Plant Cell

Answer 13

Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Chloroplasts
Vacuole
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

Question 14

What is the formula for calculating Magnification?

Answer 14

magnification= image size
——————–
real size

Question 15

What is the name of the solution you drop to stain cells under a microscope?

Answer 15

Iodine Solution

Question 16

What is Differentiation?

Answer 16

The process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job.

Question 17

Name some examples of Specialised Cells.

Answer 17

Sperm
Nerve
Muscle
Root Hair
Phloem
Xylem

Question 18

What is the name of the cell that can turn into any type of cell?

Answer 18

Embryonic stem cell

Question 19

What do Chromosomes contain?

Answer 19

Genetic Information

Question 20

How many pairs of Chromosomes are there in a Human Cell?

Answer 20

23 pairs

Question 21

What is Mitosis?

Answer 21

The cloning of cells in order to reproduce, repair and grow.

Question 22

What is Diffusion?

Answer 22

Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. The bigger the difference in concentration, the quicker the rate of diffusion. A higher temperature will also increase the rate due to particles having more energy.

Question 23

Finish the sentence-

The larger the surface area of the membrane….

Answer 23

The faster the rate of diffusion because more particles can pass through at once.

Question 24

What is Osmosis?

Answer 24

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration.

Question 25

What is Active Transport?

Answer 25

the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.

Question 26

Where does Gas Exchange take place?

Answer 26

In the lungs