B1- Cell Biology Flashcards
Includes: Cell structures, Microscopy, Cell transport, Cell Cycle and Stem Cells
What are Prokaryotes?
Small, simple cells e.g. Bacteria
What are Eukaryotes?
Complex cells e.g. Animal or Plant cells
What are the different parts of a cell called?
Subcellular structures
What is a Nucleus and what does it do?
Contains genetic information that controls the activity of a cell
What are Mitochondria?
Where most of the reactions happen for aerobic respiration. Source of energy.
What are Ribosomes?
Where proteins are made in a cell.
What is a cell membrane?
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.
What is Cytoplasm?
Gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions take place. Contains enzymes that control the chemical reactions.
What is the Cell wall?
Made of cellulose, supports and strengthens it.
What are Chloroplasts?
Where photosynthesis occurs which makes food for the plan. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis
What is a Vacuole?
Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts.
Name the parts of an Animal Cell
Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell membrane Ribosomes Mitochondria
Name the parts of a Plant Cell
Cell Wall Cell Membrane Chloroplasts Vacuole Mitochondria Ribosomes Cytoplasm Nucleus
What is the formula for calculating Magnification?
magnification= image size
——————–
real size
What is the name of the solution you drop to stain cells under a microscope?
Iodine Solution
What is Differentiation?
The process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job.
Name some examples of Specialised Cells.
Sperm Nerve Muscle Root Hair Phloem Xylem
What is the name of the cell that can turn into any type of cell?
Embryonic stem cell
What do Chromosomes contain?
Genetic Information
How many pairs of Chromosomes are there in a Human Cell?
23 pairs
What is Mitosis?
The cloning of cells in order to reproduce, repair and grow.
What is Diffusion?
Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. The bigger the difference in concentration, the quicker the rate of diffusion. A higher temperature will also increase the rate due to particles having more energy.
Finish the sentence-
The larger the surface area of the membrane….
The faster the rate of diffusion because more particles can pass through at once.
What is Osmosis?
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration.
What is Active Transport?
the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.
Where does Gas Exchange take place?
In the lungs