B1 - Cell Biology Flashcards
What are cells?
The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, which is typically microscopic. All living things are made of cells.
What are the two main types of cell?
Cells can be either prokaryotic eukaryotic. Organisms can be either prokaryotes eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are organisms that are made up of eukaryotic cells. A prokaryote is a prokaryotic cell (it’s a single-celled organism).
What’s the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotic cells lack internal membrane - bound structures, whereas eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and other cell structures that are bound by a distinct membrane.
Name the 5 sub-cellular structures that plant and animal cells have in common.
Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Mitochondria and Ribosomes.
What are the 3 parts of a plant cell that animal cells don’t have?
Rigid Cell Wall, Chloroplasts and Permanent Vacuole.
What is the function of the nucleus?
The nucleus controls the activities of the cell and contains genetic material.
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
It is a gel-like substance where most chemical processes take place. It contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
It holds the cell together and controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell
What is the function of mitochondria?
The role of mitochondria is to produce energy for the cell. Most energy is released by aerobic respiration here.
What is the function of ribosomes?
It’s where protein synthesis takes place, where proteins are made.
What is the function of the cell wall?
It is made of cellulose. It supports the cell and strengthens it
What is the function of chloroplasts?
These are where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis.
What is the function of the permanent vacuole?
Fills with sap to keep cell rigid. It is made of cellulose. It supports the cell and strengthens it.
Why don’t animal cells contain chloroplast or cell wall?
Animal cells don’t have chloroplast because they don’t photosynthesise and they don’t have cell wall because the have the skeletal system for support.
Can you fully label a plant and animal cell?
https://image.pbs.org/poster_images/assets/525044369-Plants-Animals-diagram-of-plant-animal-cell.jpg.resize.710x399.jpg
