B1 Cell biology Flashcards
What is the difference between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell?
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A eukaryotic cell is a cell that has genetic material enclosed in a nucleus.
A prokaryotic cell is a cell where the genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus.
What is the role of the cytoplasm?
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The cytoplasm is where many chemical reactions of the cell take place.
What is the role of the cell membrane?
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The cell membrane allows substances in and out of the cell.
What is the role of the mitochondria?
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The mitochondria is the site of respiration.
What is the role of ribosomes?
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Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.
What is the role of the cell wall?
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The cell wall provides structure and support to a plant cell.
What is the role of the chloroplasts?
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The chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
Name 3 organelles found in a plant cell but not in an animal cell.
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3 organelles that are only found in plant cells are:
- Cell wall
- Chloroplasts
- Permanent Vacuole
What is a specialised cell?
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A specialised cell is a cell that is adapted to its function.
Describe and explain 3 ways in which a sperm cell is specialised.
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A sperm cell is specialised because it has:
- a tail so that it can swim towards the egg for fertilisation.
- Many mitochondria so that it can produce energy for movement.
- An acrosome containing digestive enzymes to penetrate the egg
Describe and explain how a nerve cell is specialised.
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Nerve cells are specialised to carry electrical impulses around the body. They have several adaptations including;
- Dendrites to make connections to other nerve cells.
- Long axons that carry the impulse from one place to another
- A myelin sheath for insulation
- Synapses contain many mitochondria to produce the energy needed to make neurotransmitter
Describe and explain how a muscle cell is specialised.
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Muscle cells are adapted to contract and relax. Striated muscle cells have three main adaptations;
- They contain special proteins that slide over each other making the fibres contract.
- They contain many mitochondria to produce the energy needed to contract and relax.
- They can store glycogen which is used to produce energy.
Describe and explain the adaptations of root hair cells.
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Root hair cells have 3 main adaptations:
- They have a projection which increases the surface area available for water to move in to the cell.
- They have a large permanent vacuole which speeds up the movement of water in to the cell
- They have many mitochondria to produce the energy needed to move ions and minerals in to the cell.
Compare the maginification and resolution of a light microscope and an electron microscope.
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An electron microscope has a much higher magnification and resolving power than a light microscope. This means that it can be used to study cells in a much finer detail.
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Describe how bacteria multiply.
TRIPLE ONLY
Bacteria multiply by binary fission as often as every 20 minutes.
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